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1800-102-2727You have seen people meeting with accidents on roads. Sometimes they may break their bones. Any of your friends or relatives met with an accident and fractured their bones?
Yes.
Why does this fracture occur?
Yes, fracture occurs when any of the bone breaks.
Do you know what bone is?
Why does this fracture occur?
What is its chemical composition?
Bone is a type of connective tissue. There are 206 bones present in the human body that collectively form the skeleton. Bones provide strength and flexibility to a person.
The major chemical elements present in bone are calcium and collagen fibres. Due to the presence of calcium, we are always recommended to take calcium rich foods.
Now, you can relate this to why our mothers always force us to drink milk. This is because it is considered as a good source of calcium. Let’s discuss more about bone.
It forms the endoskeleton of vertebrates. It supports the body and protects all the vital organs from external injuries. It is of two types as follows:
Bone is hard and non-pliable tissue. The ground substance is rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres that provide strength. The structural functional unit of bone is called the Haversian canal system.
Bone consists of the following components:
Bone is covered externally with a periosteum. It is a tough sheath of collagen fibres.
It is formed of ossein. Matrix possess calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate etc. Matrices possess cells called osteocytes.
It is present outside the bone marrow cavity. It possesses white fibrous tissue and bone forming cells.
Bone marrow cavity which is present inner to the endosteum possesses bone marrow. It possesses two types of bone marrow as follows:
Red bone marrow
It appears red in colour. It is present in the spongy part of the bone and produces RBCs and WBCs.
Yellow bone marrow
It appears yellow in colour. It is composed of adipose tissues and it stores fats.
The Haversian canal with its surrounding lamellae and osteocytes constitute the Haversian canal system. It is the structural and functional unit of bone tissue. The matrix of bone occurs in layers called Lamellae. A central Haversian canal is surrounded by lamellae. Each Haversian canal contains an artery, a vein, a lymph vessel, a nerve and some bone cells. The cells of bone are known as osteocytes and these are present in spaces referred to as lacunae. Lacunae possess fine radiating channels called canaliculi. The Haversian canals are interconnected by the transverse channels named Volkmann’s canal or perforating hole.
The major functions of bone are as follows:
Bone |
Cartilage |
It is a hard tissue |
It is a soft tissue |
The cells present are called osteocytes |
Cells present are called chondrocytes |
Matrix is composed of ossein |
Matrix is composed of chondrin |
Lamellae are present in matrix |
Lamellae are absent in matrix |
It is vascular |
It is non-vascular |
Bone marrow present in the centre produces blood cells |
Bone marrow is absent |
Question 1. Which of the following isn't a bone's function?
a. Provides a structural frame to the body
b. Site of production of blood cells
c. Helps in body movement
d. Helps in conduction of impulses
Solution: Bones are connective tissues that have a hard, non-pliable ground substance that is high in calcium salts and collagen fibres. This gives bone its strength, making it an appropriate tissue for providing the body with a structural framework. Softer tissues and organs are also supported and protected by bones. Bones and skeletal muscles work together to create movement. The formation of blood cells takes place in the marrow of long bones. Hence, the correct option is d.
Question 2. In which spaces, bone cells are found?
a. Lacunae
b. Lamella
c. Canaliculi
d. Collagen fibres
Solution: In the bone matrix, there are spaces called lacunae where bone cells, or osteocytes, can be found. Hence, the correct option is a.
Question 3. Bones are mainly made up of
a. calcium and phosphorus
b. calcium and sulphur
c. calcium and magnesium
d. calcium and iron
Solution: The largest component of the vertebrate endoskeleton is bone, which is highly calcified (mineralized), hard, and inflexible connective tissue. Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate minerals, as well as collagen fibres, make up the intercellular matrix, which is embedded in an elastic mucopolysaccharide ground substance. The majority of bones are made up of calcium and phosphorus. Hence, the correct option is a.
Question 4. The cells of bone are known as ________________.
a. Osteocytes
b. Chondrocytes
c. Neuron
d. Myofibril
Solution: Osteocytes are the cells that make up bone, and they exist in spaces called lacunae. Canaliculi are fine radiating channels seen in lacunae. Hence, the correct option is a.
Question 1. Write down the difference between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow?
Answer:
Red bone marrow |
Yellow bone marrow |
It appears red in colour |
It appears yellow in colour |
It produces RBCs and WBCs |
It is made up of adipose tissues |
It is found in the spongy section of the bone |
It is used to store fat |
Question 2. Haversian canals are interconnected by the transverse channels called __________?
Answer: Haversian canals are interconnected by the transverse channels called Volkmann’s canal.
Question 3. What is skeletal tissue?
Answer: The endoskeleton of vertebrates is made up of skeletal tissue. It protects and maintains the body's critical organs. It is divided into two types: bone and cartilage.
Question 4. The matrix of bone and cartilage is composed of which structures?
Answer: The matrix of bone is composed of ossein whereas the matrix of cartilage is composed of chondrin.