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BSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 - Download Bihar Board Class 12 Syllabus PDF 

The Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB) will release the Class 12 syllabus for 2025–26, available for Science, Commerce, and Arts streams on its website. The comprehensive PDF includes stream-wise topics, chapter-wise breakdowns, and marking schemes, with a balanced pattern featuring 50% objective and 50% subjective questions.

Students can easily access and download all subject-wise PDFs—such as Physics, Chemistry, Maths, English, and Accountancy—to plan their study effectively . Aligned with NCERT frameworks, it ensures a smooth transition to higher education and competitive exam readiness.

 Class 12th BSEB 2025 Syllabus

(Source: https://biharboardonline.com/)

Subject-Wise Class 12th BSEB 2025-26 Syllabus

On this page, we have provided the detailed BSEB class 12th syllabus for all subjects in Science, Arts and Commerce stream. To know more about the syllabus for other subjects, students can visit the official website: 

BSEB 12th Physics Syllabus 2025

Units

Important Topics and NCERT Solutions

Electrostatics

Electric Charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges, the electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field, etc. 

Current Electricity

Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge, etc. 

Magnetic effect of Current and Magnetism

Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, Force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic and electric fields, Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements, etc. 
Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance, etc. 

Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature, Electromagnetic spectrum, including elementary facts about their uses, etc. 

Optics

Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, lensmaker’s formula. Magnification, power of a lens, Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, a combination of thin lenses in contact, etc. 

Dual Nature of Matter

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light, Davisson-Germer experiment, etc. 

Atoms and Nuclei

Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum, Composition and size of nucleus, Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; atomic masses, isotopes, radioactive decay law, etc. 

Electronic Devices

transistor as a switch, I-V characteristics of the transistor, transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration), the basic idea of analogue and digital signals, etc. 

Communication Systems

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, amplitude modulation.

Production and detection of an amplitude-modulated wave, etc.

BSEB 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2025-26

Units

Important Topics and NCERT Solutions

Unit 1: Solid State

Electrical and magnetic properties, Packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, etc. 

Unit 2: Solutions

Osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, Elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, abnormal molecular mass, etc.

Unit 3: Electrochemistry

Kohlrausch’s Law, lead accumulator, Conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific, variations of conductivity with concentration, etc.  

Unit 4: Chemical Kinetics

Integrated rate equations and half-life, the concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), etc.

Unit 5: Surface Chemistry

Brownian movement, electrophoresis, Lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, coagulation, emulsion-types of emulsions, etc.

Unit 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron, Principles and methods of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction – electrolytic method and refining; etc

Unit 7: p-block Elements

Halides PCl3, Ozone, Sulphur-allotropic forms; Phosphorus – allotropic forms, Preparation properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide, etc.

Unit 8: d and f-block Elements

Magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, Metallic character, ionization enthalpy, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, etc.

Unit 9: Coordination Compounds

IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Introduction, ligands, coordination number, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, etc.

Unit 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, substitution reactions, etc.

Unit 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Mechanism of dehydration, physical and chemical properties, uses, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol, etc.

Unit 12: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical, uses, methods of preparation, etc.

Unit 13: Amines (Organic Compounds and containing Nitrogen)

Classification, structure, methods of preparation, secondary and tertiary amines, etc.

Unit 14: Biomolecules

Monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen) importance, etc.

Unit 15: Polymers

Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers, etc, Some important polymers: natural and bakelite, rubber, etc.

Unit 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

Tranquillizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antacids, antihistamines, artificial sweetening agents, etc

BSEB 12th Mathematics Syllabus 2025-26

Unit

Topics and NCERT Solution

Unit 1: Relations and Functions

  • Types of relations: Equivalence, Symmetric, Transitive and Reflexive Relations

  • Functions: One to one and onto functions, the inverse of a function, and composite functions.

  • Binary operations

  • Inverse Trigonometric Functions And Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions: properties of inverse, range, domain, principal value branch.

Unit 2: Algebra
  • Matrices Properties of addition, scalar multiplication, and non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices

  • Existence of non-zero matrices

  • Concept of elementary row and column operations.

  • Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse

  • Determinants: Consistency and inconsistency

  • Solutions of systems of linear equations in two or three variables using the inverse of a matrix

Unit 3: Calculus
  • Continuity and Differentiability: Concept of logarithmic and exponential functions.

  • Lagrange’s and Rolle’s Mean Value Theorems

  • Applications of Derivatives
  • Integrals
  • Applications of the Integrals in finding areas under Straight lines, simple curves, circles/ellipse/parabolas.
  • Differential Equations: Introduction, order, and degree

  • Formation of a differential equation, solution of differential equations, Solutions of the linear differential equation of the form: dy/dx + py = q

Unit 4: Vectors and 3-D Geometry

  • Vectors: Vectors and scalars

  • Magnitude and direction of a vector, direction ratios of a vector, and direction cosines.

  • Types of vectors, components of a vector, position vector of a point dividing a line in an assigned ratio.

  • Geometrical Evaluation, properties, and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, a scalar triple product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors

  • Direction ratios and direction cosines of a line connecting two points.

  • Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line and a plane.

  • Angle between line and two lines

  • Angle between a plane and two planes

Unit 5: Linear Programming

  • Definition, objective function, optimization, and constraints

  • Different types of linear programming problems.

  • Mathematical formulation of linear programming problems.

  • Graphical method of solution for linear equation problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions

Unit 6: Probability

  • Conditional probability and Multiplication theorem on probability, total probability

  • Independent events

  • Baye’s theorem

  • Random variable, Mean and variance of the random variable and its probability distribution

  • Binomial distribution

BSEB Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26

Unit

Important Topics

Unit 1: Sexual Reproduction

Pollination and fertilization in flowering plants

Development of seed and fruit

Human Reproduction, pregnancy and parturition

Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution

Chromosome theory of inheritance, Deviations from Mendelism ratio, Sex determination in human beings: XX, XY, Linkage and crossing over, etc

Unit 3: Biology & human welfare

Microbes in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment and energy generation, Cancer and AIDS

Unit 4: Biotechnology and its Applications

Recombinant DNA technology

Applications in Health, Biosafety issues

Unit 5: Ecology and Environment

Organisms and Populations

Ecosystem, and Environmental Issues

Bihar Board Class 12 Commerce Syllabus 2025-26

Bihar Board Class 12 Syllabus for Accountancy

Units

Important Topics

Introduction to Partnership

Meaning and definitions, The Indian partnership Act 1932, Methods of capital accounts, Fixed Capital Method Fluctuating Capital Method, etc.

Partnership Final Accounts

Commission to working partner/ Managers on the basis of Gross profit, Closing stock, Outstanding expenses, Unrecorded purchases and sales, Bills Receivable dishonoured, Net profit, sales, etc.

Reconstitution of Partnership

Retirement/Death of a partner, Meaning, need, Adjustment of accumulated profits and losses, Revaluation of assets and liabilities, Adjustment of capital, Amount due to retiring partner, Death of a partner, Meaning and different ways of reconstitution, Admission of a partner, New ratio, Gain ratio, Treatment of goodwill, etc.

Dissolution of Partnership Firm

Simple dissolution, Dissolution under an Insolvency situation, etc.

Accounts of Not for Profit concerns

The capitalization of entrance fees, Creation of special funds out of donations, Introduction, meaning and features of Not for Profit concerns, General Donations, Specific Funds, Endowment fund, Receipts and Payments Account meaning and features, Depreciation, Stock of stationery, Sale of old assets, Scrap, Newspapers, Specific donation, etc.

Single entry system

Interest on capital, Interest on Drawings, Partners salary, Outstanding / Unpaid expenses, Undervaluation and Overvaluation of Assets and Liabilities, Interest on loan, Prepaid Expenses/ Expenses paid in advance

Bill of Exchange (Only Trade Bill)

Introduction, necessity, Meaning, Definition of Bill of Exchange, Draft/format of Bills, Parties to the Bill of Exchange, Acceptance of Bill, Terms of Bill, honour/dishonour, insolvency of the drawee/ acceptor

Company Accounts Part-I Accounting for shares

Share and share capital, Meaning, Private placement of shares. Public subscription of shares, Nature and Types.

Accounting for Share Capital: Issue and Allotment of Equity Shares

Company Accounts Part-II Accounting for Debentures

Debentures: Meaning, Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at discount, Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash. Interest on Debentures, etc.

Analysis of financial statements

Cash flow analysis and Ratio analysis, Accounting Ratios: Meaning of objectives and classification of Ratios, Financial statement analysis: meaning, common-size statements, Introductions to current ratio, liquid ratio, Gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio, objectives and limitations, Tools for financial statement Analysis-meaning of comparative statements

Bihar Board Class 12 Syllabus for Arts

Bihar Board 12th History Syllabus 2025-26

Part

Unit

Indian History
Part 1

The Story of the First Cities: Harappan Archaeology, Early urban centres, Political and Economic History: How Inscriptions tell a story, Political and economic history from the Mauryan to the Gupta period,  Social Histories: Using the Mahabharata, Issues in social history, including caste, class, kinship and gender, A History of Buddhism: Sanchi Stupa, A brief review of religious histories of Vedic religion, Jainism, Vaisnavism, Saivism.
Focus on Buddhism

Indian History

Part 2

Agrarian Relations: The Ain-i-Akbari, Structure of agrarian relations in the 16th and 17th centuries., Patterns of change over the period,  The Mughal Court: Reconstructing Histories through Chronicles, Outline of political history 15th-17th centuries.
Discussion of the Mughal court and politics, New Architecture: Hampi, Outline of new buildings during Vijayanagar period-temples, forts, irrigation facilities.
Relationship between architecture and the political system., Religious Histories: The Bhakti-Sufi tradition , religious developments during this period, Ideas and practices of the Bhakti-Sufi saints., Medieval Society Through Travelers’ Accounts, Outline of social and cultural life as they appear in travellers’ accounts.

Indian History

Part 3

Colonialism and-Rural Society: Evidence from Official Reports, Life of zamindars, peasants and artisans in the late 18th century, East India Company, revenue settlements and surveys, Changes over the nineteenth century,  Representations of 1857, The events of 1857-58. How these events were recorded and narrated, Colonialism and Indian Towns: Town Plans and Municipal Reports, The growth of Mumbai, Chennai, hill stations and cantonments in the 18th and 19th centuries.,  Mahatma Gandhi through Contemporary Eyes, The Nationalist Movement 1918 – 48, The nature of Gandhian politics and leadership,  Partition through Oral Sources, The history of the 1940s., Nationalism, Communalism and Partition,  The Making of the Constitution, Independence and the new nation state, The making of the Constitution.

Bihar Board 12th Political Science Syllabus 2025-26

S No

Unit

 1.

Cold War Era

 2.

The End of bipolarity

 3.

US Hegemony in World Politics

 4.

Alternative centres of Power

 5.

Contemporary South Asia

 6.

International Organizations

 7.

Globalization

Bihar Board 12th Geography Syllabus 2025-26

S No

Unit

 1.

Human Geography

 2.

People

 3.

Human Activities

 4.

Transport, Communication and Trade

 5.

Human Settlements

 6.

Map Work

 7.

Resources and Development

 8.

Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problem

Bihar Board 12 Philosophy Syllabus 2025-26

 S No

Unit (Indian Philosophy, Western Philosophy and Applied Philosophy)

 1.

Nature and Schools of Indian Philosophy

 2.

Philosophy of the Bhagavad Gita

 3.

Buddhism, Jainism

 4.

Nyaya – Vaisesika and Samkhya – Yoga

 5.

Advaita Vedanta

 6.

Knowledge and truth

 7.

The Causal Principle

 8.

Nature of Reality

 9.

Realism and Idealism

 10.

Environmental Ethics and Professional Ethics

FAQs

Question: When can I download the BSEB time table for 2025-26?
Answer: Students can download the time table from the official website biharboardonline.gov.in. The detailed steps are also provided above on the page. 

Question: What is the minimum score required to pass BSEB board class 12?
Answer: The passing marks for BSEB board class 12th are 30% marks in theory part of each subject and 40% marks in practical part of each subject.

Question: What is the minimum score required to pass BSEB board class 10?
Answer: The passing marks for BSEB board class 10th are 30% marks in theory part of each subject and 40% marks in practical part of each subject.

Question: When will the BSEB board class 12th exam be conducted?
Answer: Bihar Board 12th exams 2025-26 will be conducted in September 2025 and February 2026. 



 

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