Power of a Lens

The power of a lens is one of the most interesting concepts in ray optics. In Ray Optics, the power to bend light is a lens' power. The refraction properties of a lens are dependent on its power. A convex lens' converging ability is determined by its strength, while a concave lens' diverging ability is determined by its divergence.

Do you know that focal length and the lens’ ability to bend light have a connection? A decrease in the focal length increases the amount of light that bends. A lens's focal length is, therefore, inversely proportional to its power. A short focal range contributes to high optical strength. In order to better understand the power of the lens, let's first review some basic concepts.

Focus and Focal Length of a Lens

Lenses are transparent materials, typically glass used to focus or disperse a beam of light. They use light's refraction properties. The apparent path of light changes when it travels from one medium to another. This phenomenon is known as refraction. When the lenses converge or diverge the rays of light, it forms an image. The majority of its uses are in spectacles, magnifying glasses, microscopes, etc.

The focal length is an index of how sharply light is converged or diverged; it is the inverse of the optical power of the lens.

When light passes through a lens after coming from infinity, a focal point is a point at which it converges. Thus, a focal point is denoted by F.

Therefore, the focal length of a lens is the distance from its pole to its focal point. Thus, the letter f represents it.

A spherical lens's focal length can be negative or positive, depending on where the focal point is located.

• Positive Focal length. The focal point of a lens located on the opposite side of the lens from where the object is placed gives a positive focal length. It is generally observed that a convex lens has a focus where the parallel beam of light traveling parallel to its principal axis meets at a point. The lens's focal length is positive, and the point is referred to as the lens's real focus.
• Negative Focal Length. The focal point with a negative focal length lens is the one located on the object side. A negative focal length is generally used in a concave lens as a parallel beam of light traveling parallel to the principal axis appears to diverge from the second focus, called the virtual focus.

Hence, a positive focal length shows convergence, whereas a negative focal length indicates divergence. In a lens with a shorter focal length, rays are bent more sharply to focus more quickly or diverge more quickly.

Power of a Lens Formula

In Ray Optics, the following formula can be used to determine the power of a lens.

Power of a Lens= 1/focal length

The power of the lens is calculated in Diopters (D) if the focal length is given in meters. Another important thing to remember is that a diverging lens has a negative optical power, while a converging lens has positive optical power.

Suppose the focal length of a lens is 15 cm. When translated into meters, it equals 0.15 m. To calculate the power of this lens, take the reciprocal of 0.15. Hence, this lens has a power of 6.67 D.

An inverse relationship exists between focal length and lens power. Therefore, a lens with a short focal length will have more power, whereas a lens with a longer focal length will have less power.

• Convex lenses (converging lenses) have positive power because their focal lengths are positive.
• Concave lenses (diverging lenses) have a negative power because their focal length is negative.
• Plane glass plates have a power of 0.

In 'Optometry,' the power of lenses is applied extensively. Correction lenses are prescribed by optometrists (convex or concave lenses) when vision depreciates. Your eye is more like a lens, so you may encounter problems with having clear vision at times. These problems may include farsightedness or near vision. Wearing the appropriate corrective lenses can help you resolve this problem.