
Prime numbers: Prime numbers are a set or collection of numbers that have only two factors. The factors are either 1 or the number itself. For example, 2 is a prime number because it is either divisible by 1 or 2 itself. The other examples include numbers like 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and the list goes on. The prime numbers that have a difference of 2 between them are known as twin prime numbers. 3 and 5 are twin prime as (5-3 = 2), 5 and 7, 13 and 11 are a few examples of numbers called twin prime.
Co-prime numbers are different from prime numbers. Two numbers are called co-prime numbers if and only if they have 1 as their common factor. This can be demonstrated with an example:
Let us take two numbers, say 16 and 17; if we factorize each number, we get:
16 = 1 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2, or 1 x 4 x 4, or 1 x 2 x 8
17 = 1x 17
Here the highest common multiple or HCF of the two numbers is 1; therefore, 16 and 17 are co-prime to each other.
Let us now take another example, say 18 and 24, factorizing both the numbers we find:
18 = 1 x 2 x 3 x 3
24 = 1 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3, or 1 x 4 x 6, or 1 x 3 x 8
There are three factors common in both numbers, that is, ‘1’, ‘2’, and ‘3’. Hence, we conclude that 18 and 24 are not co-prime to each other.
Co-prime numbers contain six main properties, which are listed below-
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