CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2026: Download CBSE Class 10th Syllabus PDF for all Subjects

S. No.

Unit & Topic

Sub-Topics

Competencies Developed

Explanation / Application

1

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS

REAL NUMBERS1. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic2. Proofs of irrationality of √2, √3, √5

Understanding of real numbers and exponentsApplication of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Describes FTA with examplesProves irrationality of √2, √3, √5 and similar expressions

2

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

POLYNOMIALS1. Zeros of a polynomial2. Relationship between zeros and coefficients

Connects algebraic and graphical approaches

Finds zeros graphically and algebraically; verifies relation with coefficients

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS1. Graphical and algebraic solutions2. Substitution and elimination methods

Graphs and solves real-life problems

Solves equations using graphs and algebraic methods; applies to situational problems

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS1. Standard form2. Solutions by factorization & formula3. Nature of roots

Solves quadratic equations; analyzes roots

Uses factorization, quadratic formula, and discriminant; solves real-life quadratic problems

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS1. nth term2. Sum of first n terms

Applies AP concepts to practical situations

Solves real-life problems using nth term and sum formulas

3

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1. Distance formula2. Section formula

Uses formulas for geometric relationships

Solves coordinate geometry problems using distance and section formulas

4

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY

TRIANGLES1. Similar triangles and related theorems

Differentiates between similar and congruent figuresProves similarity using criteria

Applies BPT and other similarity theorems; solves problems on similar triangles

CIRCLES1. Tangents2. Tangent theorems

Derives and applies tangent properties

Proves and uses theorems on circle tangents to solve problems

5

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY

INTRO TO TRIGONOMETRY1. Ratios2. Standard angles3. Ratio relationships

Understands basic trig ratios and evaluates them

Defines trig ratios; finds values at standard angles; simplifies expressions

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES1. sin²A + cos²A = 1 and applications

Proves and applies basic identities

Uses identity in expressions and equations

HEIGHTS & DISTANCES1. Angle of elevation and depression

Applies trig in real-life height and distance problems

Solves problems involving right triangles using 30°, 45°, and 60° angles

6

UNIT VI: MENSURATION

AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES1. Sectors and segments

Visualizes and calculates area and perimeter of sectors and segments

Uses formulas to solve area and perimeter problems (angles: 60°, 90°, 120°)

SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES1. Combinations of solids

Calculates surface area and volume of solid combinations

Applies formulas to solve practical geometry problems involving cubes, cylinders, cones, etc.

7

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

STATISTICS1. Mean, median, mode of grouped data

Calculates measures of central tendency

Computes using direct, assumed mean, and step deviation methods

PROBABILITY1. Classical definition2. Simple problems

Understands probability of events in real life

Solves basic problems using classical probability

Theme

Unit

Topics Covered

Materials

I: Chemical Substances – Nature & Behaviour

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations: Types (combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, exothermic/endothermic, redox)

2. Acids, Bases and Salts: Indicators, properties, pH scale, uses, preparations (NaOH, baking soda, bleaching powder, washing soda, POP)

3. Metals and Non-Metals: Properties, reactivity series, ionic compounds, metallurgy, corrosion

4. Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonds, hydrocarbons, homologous series, nomenclature, chemical properties, ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps & detergents

The World of the Living

II: World of Living

1. Life Processes: Nutrition, respiration, transport, excretion in plants and animals

2. Control and Coordination: Tropic movement, plant hormones, nervous system, reflexes, hormones

3. Reproduction: Asexual/sexual, family planning, HIV/AIDS, childbearing & women’s health

4. Heredity and Evolution: Mendel’s laws, sex determination

Natural Phenomena

III: Natural Phenomena

1. Reflection of Light: Curved mirrors, image formation, mirror formula (no derivation)

2. Refraction: Laws, spherical lenses, lens formula (no derivation), magnification, power, eye functioning, defects

3. Dispersion, Prism & Scattering: Applications excluding sunrise/sunset colors

How Things Work

IV: Effects of Current

1. Electricity: Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, series/parallel, heating effect, electric power (P, V, I, R)

2. Magnetic Effects: Magnetic fields, solenoids, Fleming’s rule, DC/AC, domestic circuits

Natural Resources

V: Natural Resources

1. Environment: Ecosystem, problems, ozone depletion, waste management

2. Biodegradable & Non-biodegradable Substances

Subject

Unit / Chapter

Marks

Assessment Type

History (India and the Contemporary World – II)

20 (incl. map)

Section I – Events and Processes

I. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

18 + 2 (map)

Board Examination

II. Nationalism in India

Board Examination

Section II – Livelihoods, Economies and Societies

III. The Making of a Global World (Subtopics 1 to 1.3)

Board Examination

III. The Making of a Global World (Subtopics 2 to 4.4)

5

Internal (Interdisciplinary Project)

IV. The Age of Industrialisation

—

Periodic Assessment

Section III – Everyday Life, Culture and Politics

V. Print Culture and the Modern World

—

Board Examination

Geography (Contemporary India – II)

20 (incl. map)

1. Resources and Development

17 + 3 (map)

Board Examination

2. Forest and Wildlife Resources

Board Examination

3. Water Resources

Board Examination

4. Agriculture

Board Examination

5. Minerals and Energy Resources

Board Examination

6. Manufacturing Industries

Board Examination

7. Lifelines of National Economy (Map only)

Board Examination (Map Pointing Only)

—

5

Internal (Interdisciplinary Project)

Political Science (Democratic Politics – II)

20

Unit I

1. Power-sharing

Board Examination

2. Federalism

Board Examination

Unit II

3. Gender, Religion and Caste

Board Examination

Unit III

4. Political Parties

Board Examination

Unit IV

5. Outcomes of Democracy

Board Examination

Economics (Understanding Economic Development)

20

1. Development

Board Examination

2. Sectors of the Indian Economy

Board Examination

3. Money and Credit

Board Examination

4. Globalisation and the Indian Economy (Selected topics)

Board Examination

4. Globalisation: Remaining topics

5

Internal (Interdisciplinary Project)

5. Consumer Rights

Project Work

Internal (Project-Based Assessment)

Section

Component

Marks

Details

क. अपठित बोध

अपठित गद्यांश (2 Passages, ~200 words)

14

बहुविकल्पीय + लघुउत्तरी प्रश्न

Passage 1: 1x3 + 2x2 = 7

Passage 2: 1x3 + 2x2 = 7

ख. व्यावहारिक व्याकरण

पदबंध, वाक्य रूपांतरण, समास, मुहावरे

16

20 questions asked, attempt any 16

पदबंध (4 out of 5)

4

1x4

वाक्य रूपांतरण (4 out of 5)

4

1x4

समास (4 out of 5)

4

1x4

मुहावरे (4 out of 5)

4

1x4

ग. पाठ्यपुस्तक व पूरक पाठ्यपुस्तक

गद्यांश, कविता, पूरक पुस्तक

28

गद्य खंड

गद्यांश (पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

5

MCQs (1x5)

लघुउत्तरी प्रश्न (3 out of 4)

6

2x3

काव्य खंड

कविता आधारित MCQ (1x5)

5

कविता आधारित लघुउत्तरी प्रश्न (3 out of 4)

6

2x3

पूरक पुस्तक

"संचयन भाग-2" आधारित प्रश्न (2 out of 3)

6

3x2

घ. रचनात्मक लेखन

अनुच्छेद लेखन

5

~120 words

पत्र लेखन

5

~100 words

सूचना लेखन

4

~60 words

विज्ञापन लेखन

3

~40 words

ई-मेल या लघुकथा लेखन (विकल्प)

5

80–100 words

Total (External)

80

3 घंटे

आंतरिक मूल्यांकन

20

अ. समवायात्मक आकलन

5

ब. बहुविध आकलन

5

स. पोर्टफोलियो

5

द. श्रवण व वाचन

5

कुल योग

100