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1800-102-2727Have you ever wondered why a ship floats on water but a nail sinks? Seems a bit weird, does it not? The heavier object (in this case ship) floats but the lighter object (in this case nail) sinks.
Lets us try a similar routine for chemical compounds. What will happen if we try to add oil to the water?
Most of you know already know the answer that such a mixture will not mix and remain as separate layers. What causes such behaviour?
One of the parameters which control miscibility is density. Let us take a closer look at it now.
Figure of Oil in Water
Table of Contents
Generally, we study two types of density
Absolute density (d) is defined as the mass of any material per unit of volume. Generally, expressed in g cm-3.
For gas, Absolute density (d) is defined as the molar mass of any gas per unit of molar volume of gas.
Units of Density
Density expressed in g cm-3 or g mL-1
S.I unit of density is Kg m-3
Relative density is defined as the density of a substance with respect to any other substance.
Specific gravity: Specific gravity is defined as the density of any substance divided by the density of water at 4oC (generally used for solids and liquids).
(Specific gravity is unitless quantity)
Density of water at 4oC is 1 g cm-3
For gas:
Vapour density is defined as the density of the gas with respect to hydrogen gas at same temperature and pressure.
Vapour density(at the same Temperature & Pressure)
Vapour density (at same Temperature & Pressure)
We know, according to Avogadro’s hypothesis, All gases having equal volume have the same number of gaseous molecules (not atoms) at same temperature and pressure.
[So, at the same Temperature and Pressure, the molar volume of gas = molar volume of H2 gas ]
Vapour density(at same Temperature & Pressure)
Vapour density
Question1. The specific gravity of a solution is 2.1, then calculate the mass of 180 ML of the same solution.
Answer: (C)
Solution: Specific gravity is unitless quantity,
Question2. What is the relative density of NO2 gas with respect to CO2 gas at the same temperature and pressure?
Answer: (B)
according to Avogadro’s hypothesis, All gases having equal volume have the same number of gaseous molecules (not atoms) at same temperature and pressure.
[So, at the same T and P molar volume of CO2 = molar volume of NO2 gas ]
Question3. Find vapour density of nitrogen gas is
Answer: (B)
Solution: Nitrogen gas in free state present in the form of N2.
Question4. The vapour density of nitrogen gas is
Answer: (B)
Solution: Nitrogen gas in free state present in the form of N2.
Question1. Why density of water is higher than ice?
Answer: As we start heating ice, hydrogen bonds break and water molecules start occupying the empty space present in ice (ice has a cage-like structure).
Question2. Does the density of any material depend on the quantity of matter?
Answer: No, Density does not depend on the quantity of matter. On reduction of the quantity of material, its mass and volume will change but there will not.
Question3. Density is additive in nature or not like mass and volume.
Answer: No, the Density of two substances can’t be added algebraically like mass and volume, because density is an intensive property.
Question4. Density is temperature-dependent or not?
Answer: Yes, density depends on temperature. At higher temperatures, the kinetic energy of constituent particles increases and density is reduced.