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CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2026, Exam Pattern, Syllabus

The CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2026 serves as a clear roadmap for students preparing for their board examinations. It is carefully structured to help students build a strong understanding of key scientific concepts across Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science.

This guide presents the syllabus in well-organized sections, along with helpful explanations and practical tips to support smart and effective exam preparation for board.

CBSE Date Sheet 2026 Out for Class 10th & 12th @cbse.nic.in

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has officially released the CBSE Date Sheet 2026 for Class 10th and 12th students. Candidates can now check the complete CBSE Exam Date 2026 schedule and download the official PDF from the CBSE website.

Download CBSE Exam Date PDF

Class 10 Science Competency-wise Weightage (Theory – 80 Marks)

CBSE Class 10 Science Question Paper Pattern 2026

Assessment Type Marks
Theory Examination 80
Internal Assessment 20
Total 100
Competency Area Weightage
Demonstrate Knowledge and Understanding 50%
Application of Knowledge / Concepts 30%
Formulate, Analyze, Evaluate and Create 20%

It ensures equal focus on knowledge, skills, and analytical ability.

Question Types Included
Very Short Answer (VSA) / Objective type
Assertion–Reasoning type
Short Answer (SA)
Long Answer (LA)
Source-based / Case-based / Passage-based
Integrated assessment questions

Internal Choice: Approximately 33%

Internal Assessment (20 Marks)

Component Marks
Periodic Assessment 05 + 05
Subject Enrichment (Practical Work) 05
Portfolio 05
Total 20 Marks

📘 Download CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2026 (PDF)

Important Diagrams for Class 10 Science Question Paper

Important Articles for Class 10 CBSE Board 2026

CBSE 10th Science Syllabus 2026

Theme

Unit

Topics Covered

Materials

I: Chemical Substances – Nature & Behaviour

1. Chemical Reactions and Equations: Types (combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, exothermic/endothermic, redox)

2. Acids, Bases and Salts: Indicators, properties, pH scale, uses, preparations (NaOH, baking soda, bleaching powder, washing soda, POP)

3. Metals and Non-Metals: Properties, reactivity series, ionic compounds, metallurgy, corrosion

4. Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonds, hydrocarbons, homologous series, nomenclature, chemical properties, ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps & detergents

The World of the Living

II: World of Living

1. Life Processes: Nutrition, respiration, transport, excretion in plants and animals

2. Control and Coordination: Tropic movement, plant hormones, nervous system, reflexes, hormones

3. Reproduction: Asexual/sexual, family planning, HIV/AIDS, childbearing & women’s health

4. Heredity and Evolution: Mendel’s laws, sex determination

Natural Phenomena

III: Natural Phenomena

1. Reflection of Light: Curved mirrors, image formation, mirror formula (no derivation)

2. Refraction: Laws, spherical lenses, lens formula (no derivation), magnification, power, eye functioning, defects

3. Dispersion, Prism & Scattering: Applications excluding sunrise/sunset colors

How Things Work

IV: Effects of Current

1. Electricity: Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, series/parallel, heating effect, electric power (P, V, I, R)

2. Magnetic Effects: Magnetic fields, solenoids, Fleming’s rule, DC/AC, domestic circuits

Natural Resources

V: Natural Resources

1. Environment: Ecosystem, problems, ozone depletion, waste management

2. Biodegradable & Non-biodegradable Substances

Related Topics for Class 10 CBSE Board 2026

CBSE Class 10 Syllabus, Exam , Sample Papers & NCERT Solutions (2026)

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025, Check Exam Pattern

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Class 10 Science Syllabus for 2025 is an essential roadmap for students preparing for their final exams. The syllabus is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of various scientific concepts, covering topics in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science. In this guide, we will break down the syllabus into detailed sections, provide valuable insights, and offer useful tips to ensure your preparation is effective and efficient.

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025 Overview

The CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025 aims to provide students with a solid foundation in the fundamental concepts of science. It is structured to ensure students develop a scientific temper, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The syllabus for Science is divided into four major sections:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Biology
  • Environmental Science

The subject aims to prepare students for higher studies in scientific fields and helps build a comprehensive understanding of everyday phenomena.

CBSE Class 10 Science Unit-wise Syllabus 2025

Physics

The Physics section covers key concepts that help students understand the physical world and the principles governing it. Below is the breakdown of the topics included in the 2025 syllabus:

Unit Topics
Unit 1: Light – Reflection and Refraction Reflection and refraction of light, image formation by lenses, real and virtual images.
Unit 2: Human Eye and Colourful World Structure and functioning of the human eye, dispersion of light, rainbow formation.
Unit 3: Electricity Electric current, Ohm’s law, resistance, factors affecting resistance, electric power.
Unit 4: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Magnetic fields and field lines, electromagnetism, electric motor and generator.
Unit 5: Sources of Energy Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy, renewable energy sources.

Chemistry

Chemistry focuses on the composition, properties, and reactions of matter. The key topics covered in the syllabus are as follows:

Unit Topics
Unit 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations Types of chemical reactions, balancing chemical equations, laws of chemical combinations.
Unit 2: Acids, Bases and Salts Properties of acids, bases, and salts, pH scale, neutralization, applications.
Unit 3: Metals and Non-Metals Physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series, corrosion.
Unit 4: Carbon and its Compounds Different types of carbon compounds, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, functional groups.
Unit 5: Periodic Classification of Elements Mendeleev’s periodic table, modern periodic law, periodic trends in properties.

Biology

Biology in Class 10 covers various life processes and phenomena. Below are the major topics included:

Unit Topics
Unit 1: Life Processes Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion in plants and animals.
Unit 2: Control and Coordination Nervous system, hormones in humans, reflex actions, coordination in plants.
Unit 3: How do Organisms Reproduce? Reproduction in plants and animals, asexual and sexual reproduction.
Unit 4: Heredity and Evolution Laws of inheritance, Mendel’s experiments, evolution theories.
Unit 5: Our Environment Environmental issues, ecosystems, food chains, pollution, and conservation.

Environmental Science

Environmental Science is an integrated part of the syllabus, emphasizing the protection and preservation of the environment. Key topics include:

Unit Topics
Unit 1: Management of Natural Resources Conservation of natural resources, sustainable development, wildlife protection.
Unit 2: Pollution Air, water, and land pollution, causes, effects, and preventive measures.

CBSE Class 10 Science Practical Syllabus 2025

The practical component is a significant part of the Science subject, allowing students to apply their theoretical knowledge to real-world situations. In 2025, the practical syllabus covers the following:

  • Experiments in Physics: Measurement of resistance using a meter bridge, study of magnetic fields, etc.
  • Experiments in Chemistry: Preparation of salts, identification of ions, and titrations.
  • Experiments in Biology: Dissection of plants and animals, studying the structure of various organisms.

Practical Skills for CBSE Class 10 Science

  • Making accurate observations and recordings.
  • Drawing inferences from experimental data.
  • Understanding laboratory safety and handling chemicals and equipment responsibly.

CBSE Class 10 Science Exam Pattern

The exam for CBSE Class 10 Science will follow the same pattern as previous years. The question paper will consist of the following types of questions:

  1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) – Testing knowledge and understanding.
  2. Short Answer Questions (SAQs) – These will require concise explanations.
  3. Long Answer Questions (LAQs) – Detailed and well-explained answers with practical examples.
  4. Case Study Questions – Based on real-life applications and scenarios.

The exam will be conducted in two parts: Theory (80 Marks) and Practical (30 Marks). The theory paper will have a mix of objective, short-answer, and long-answer questions.

Class 10 Science Unit Wise Weightage

Understanding the weightage of marks in the Class 10 Science exam is crucial for effective preparation. Here is the approximate distribution:

Unit Marks Distribution
Physics 20 Marks
Chemistry 20 Marks
Biology 20 Marks
Environmental Science 10 Marks
Practical Exam 30 Marks
Total 80 Marks (Theory) + 30 Marks (Practical) = 110 Marks

Important Topics in CBSE Class 10 Science

Certain topics carry more weight and require focused preparation. The following are the most important topics to pay attention to:

  • Chemistry: Chemical reactions, acids, bases and salts, metals and non-metals, and periodic table.
  • Physics: Electricity, magnetic effects of current, and light.
  • Biology: Life processes, reproduction, heredity, and environment.
  • Environmental Science: Conservation of natural resources and pollution management.

The CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025 is designed to offer a balanced understanding of the fundamental principles of science. By following this detailed guide, breaking down complex concepts, and focusing on important topics, students can ensure they are well-prepared for the exams. Remember, consistency and strategic preparation are key to excelling in the CBSE Class 10 Science exam.

By organizing your study material, practicing regularly, and staying calm, you can achieve outstanding results and build a strong foundation for your future academic journey.

Tips for Effective Preparation

Here are some tips to help students prepare for the CBSE Class 10 Science exam:

  1. Start Early: Begin your preparation well in advance to avoid last-minute stress.
  2. Revise Regularly: Make sure to revise each chapter thoroughly and solve sample papers.
  3. Focus on NCERT: NCERT textbooks are the most reliable source for preparing for CBSE exams.
  4. Practice Practicals: Ensure you complete all practicals and understand the experiments.
  5. Time Management: Practice time management by solving mock tests under exam conditions.

 

CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2026 FAQs

1. What are the major subjects covered in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus?

Answer: The CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus covers four major subjects:

  • Physics: Light, electricity, magnetic effects of current, etc.
  • Chemistry: Chemical reactions, acids, bases, metals, non-metals, and the periodic table.
  • Biology: Life processes, reproduction, heredity, and environment.
  • Environmental Science: Conservation of natural resources and pollution management.

These subjects provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of science.

2. How is the CBSE Class 10 Science exam structured?

Answer: The Class 10 Science exam is divided into two main parts:

  • Theory (80 Marks): It includes multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, long answer questions, and case study questions.
  • Practical (30 Marks): The practical exam includes experiments related to Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

The total marks for the subject are 110, with 80 marks allotted to theory and 30 marks for practical assessments.

3. Which topics should I focus on for CBSE Class 10 Science exam preparation?

Answer: The most important topics to focus on are:

  • Physics: Electricity, light (reflection and refraction), magnetic effects of current.
  • Chemistry: Chemical reactions, acids, bases, salts, metals, non-metals, and periodic table.
  • Biology: Life processes, reproduction, heredity, and environmental issues.
  • Environmental Science: Pollution, conservation of resources, and sustainable development.

These topics are crucial for both understanding concepts and scoring well in the exam.

4. Is the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus for 2025 different from previous years?

Answer: The CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus for 2025 follows a similar structure to previous years, with a few updates and revisions. While there may be minor changes in terms of specific content and how certain concepts are introduced, the core subjects remain consistent. It is important to refer to the official syllabus for the most up-to-date information and to ensure you're preparing according to the current guidelines.

5. How can I prepare for the practical exam in CBSE Class 10 Science?

Answer: To prepare for the practical exam in CBSE Class 10 Science:

  • Understand the Experiments: Familiarize yourself with the experiments listed in the syllabus and practice performing them.
  • Know the Theory Behind Practicals: Study the theoretical concepts related to each practical, as questions are often based on understanding the principles.
  • Revise the Procedure: Practice the step-by-step procedure for each experiment to avoid confusion during the exam.
  • Follow Safety Protocols: Ensure you are aware of safety measures while conducting experiments in the lab.

 

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