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Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation - Definition, Theory and Equation

Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation - Definition, Theory and Equation

Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation - Definition, Theory and Equation

The dual nature of matter and radiation refers to the two natures of every object, which is associated with wave and particle nature. This dual nature of matter and radiation is known as wave-particle duality. De Broglie Wavelength explains that the wavelength of an object is related to its mass and momentum. It explains the dual nature of matter; that is, it can act both like particles and waves.

Table of Contents:

What is the Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation? 

The dual nature of radiation and matter refers to the dual property of matter in nature. They are particle nature and wave nature. A matter shows the wave nature by exhibiting the phenomenon of interference and diffraction. It shows particle nature by exhibiting the packets of light. Both these phenomena are exhibited by electromagnetic radiation. 

Photoelectric Effect

When electromagnetic radiation like light strikes the surface, the photoelectric effect takes place. This photoelectric effect leads to the emission of electrons. The effect depends on many factors, such as potential, intensity and frequency of the radiation.

Limitations of the Photoelectric Effect 

  • The photoelectric effect does not apply to all kinds of elements.
  • This effect works only at specific temperature ranges and not beyond that.

Laws of Photoelectric Effect

  • The incident ray frequency is directly proportional to the incident ray intensity.
  • The threshold frequency for a metal is a particular frequency level under which photoelectric emission doesn’t occur.
  • The particle's kinetic energy depends on the frequency of the incident ray.

Wave Theory of Light and Photoelectric Effect

The wave theory of light explains concepts such as the phenomenon of diffraction, polarisation, interference, etc. According to wave theory, the electrons remain on the surface of the metal. It absorbs the radiant energy of the surface. 

Particle Nature of Light: The Photon

Einstein’s theory of the photoelectric equation states that electrons don’t absorb radiation continuously. Quanta of energy of radiation create the radiation energy. Thus photoelectric equation is given as follows: 

 KE = hv – hv0 

KE refers to the kinetic energy of the photoelectron, where h is Planck's constant. 

v= frequency of photons.

v0 = threshold frequency of material.

  • Photons are independent of the intensity of radiation.
  • The neutral electric or magnetic field does not deflect them.
  • The photon-electron collisions conserve the total energy.

Wave Nature of Matter: De Broglie Wavelength 

If a particle acts as a wave, then it has a frequency and a wavelength. De Broglie’s theory states that if a free particle with mass ‘m’ is moving with a speed of ‘v’, then the wavelength is related to its momentum, i.e., p=mv.

formula

For an electron, the de Broglie wavelength equation:

m = mass of the electron

v = velocity of the electron

mv = the momentum of the electron.

Derivation of De Broglie Equation

Einstein’s equation: E=mc2……. (i)

Here, E refers to energy, m means mass, and c is the speed of light formula

According to Plank’s equation of quantum energy, E is directly proportional to the radiation frequency.

formula

Energy from a moving particle is directly proportional to the wave frequency and inversely proportional to the wavelength. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted due to the acceleration of charged particles in an atom. Atoms radiate photons when they are accelerated.

formula

Practice Problems On Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation

Q1. The incident ray frequency is directly proportional to __________.

a. incident ray momentum
b. incident ray intensity
c. Both a and b correct 
d. None of the above

Ans: b. incident ray intensity

The incident ray frequency is directly proportional to the incident ray intensity.

Q2. Which of the following is not correct?

formula

Q3. Which of the following is correct about the photoelectric equation?

formula

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is the De Broglie formula?
Answer: The De Broglie wavelength equation: formula which stands for the wave of the electron, ‘m’ stands for the mass of the electron and ‘v’ stands for the velocity of the electron.

Q2. What is the application of the De Broglie theory?
Answer: De Broglie equation applies to all the particles that have wave-particle duality.

Q3. What is the speed of light?
formula

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Is 91 a Prime Number?

Difference Between Cube and Cuboid

Distributive Property

Difference Between Rhombus and Parallelogram

Skip Counting

Trigonometry Functions of Sum and Difference of Angles

Logarithm Table

Vector And Scalar Quantities

Data Organization

PEMDAS

Secant of a Circle

Vector Space

Angle Bisector Theorem

Mutually Exclusive Events

Statistical Inference

Difference Between Area and Volume

How to Find Prime Numbers?

3D Shapes

Division of Line Segment Binary Addition Ordinate Line Graph Boolean Algebra Latus Rectum of Conic Section Differential Equation And It's Types

Involute

Similarity of Triangles

Simple Equations Application

Types of Polygon

Equation of A Circle Law of Tangents Data Sets Binary to Octal Conversion Rational Numbers on a Number Line Cross Section Construction of Triangle Circles Factors of 36 Probability Distribution Difference Between Parametric and Non-Parametric Test Number Patterns Whole Numbers Parts of Circle Square Root of 9 Parallel Lines Oblique Sketch Direct Proportion Cosine Rules Construction of Quadrilaterals Right Circular Cylinder Hexadecimal number system Remainder Theorem

Volume of a Prism

Missing Numbers

Sec 90

Derivatives

Multiple of 9

Metric System of Measurement

Parallelogram, Trapezium and Kite Cumulative Frequency Distribution Ratio to Percentage Factors of 98 Total Probability Theorem Commutative Property Basic Set Theory Difference Between Area and Surface Area Identity Function Geometric Distribution Combination Sum of Squares Factors of 25 Triangle Inequality Complement of a Set Factor of 105 Arc Categorical Data Construction of a Rhombus Hexadecimal to Octal Conversion Decimal Expansion of Rational Numbers Distance Between Two Points Estimation of Numbers Multiplication Theorem of Probability Properties of Definite Integrals Right Angle Triangle Theorem Section Formula in 3 Dimension Solids Trigonometric Equations Variance and Standard Deviation Disjoint Set Application of Linear Equations Area and Perimeter Factors of 91 Concave Polygon Factors of 42

General Equation of a Line

Factors of 100 Factors of a Number

Multiplicative Inverse

Linear Differential Equations

Inverse Cosine

Comparing Quantities using Percentage

Fractional Part Function Definition of Signum function Trigonometric Functions Ellipse Integration By Parts Sets Matrix Types of Sets Bijective Functions Algebra of Functions Composite Functions Binary Operations Domain Codomain & Range Functions Parametric Equation of a Circle Venn Diagram Tangent to a Circle Binomial Theorem L'Hospital Rule Relations Operation on Sets Particular Cases of a Circle Terms Related to an Ellipse Equality of Matrices Reflexive, Symmetric & Equivalence Relation Types of Functions Matrix Multiplication Tangents to an Ellipse Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Active Transport Adaptive radiation evolution Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Agricultural Implements Algae Alimentary Canal Anatomy Angiosperms And Gymnosperms Difference Animal Cell Apiculture Beekeeping

Apoplast

Asexual Reproduction Animals Autotrophic Nutrition Biodiversity Biotic and Abiotic

Bryophyta

Budding Camouflage Cattle Farming Animal Husbandry Cell Structure and Function Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Cells Chloroplasts Chromatin Classification of Animal Kingdom Composition of Lymph Conduction of Nerve Impulse Cyclic and Non Cyclic Cyclic Photophosphorylation Cytoplasm Structure Function Difference Between Active and Passive Transport Difference Between Archaea And Bacteria Difference Between Blood And Lymphth Difference Between Cerebellum And Cerebrum Difference Between Chromosome And Chromatid Difference Between Diffusion and Osmosis Difference Between DNA and RNA Difference Between Haploid And Diploid Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell Difference between Renewable and Non Renewable Resources Difference Between Unicellular And Multicellular Organisms Difference Between Vertebrates and Invertebrates Difference between Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles Difference Between Xylem and Phloem Different Types Ecological Pyramids Diffusion - Means of Transport Disadvantages of Dams Ecology Endemic Species Endocrine System Ductless Glands Energy Flow In Ecosystem Excretion and Its Importance Food Production

Food Web

Fragmentation

Gemmules

Gibberellins

Grassland Adaptations

Guttation

Gymnosperms

Harmful Microorganisms

Homeostasis

Human Body Anatomy

Human Heart

Invertebrates

Kingdom Monera Protista Fungi Law of Segregation and Law of Dominance

Life process

Light-dependent Reactions

Lipids

Living Things

Macromolecule Meiosis 1 Stages and Process Mendelian Disorders Microbodies Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution Monera Nephron Function Renal Tubules Nuclear Membrane Nucleolus Nucleus Our Environment Parasitism Parts of Plants Passive Transport Plant Cell Plant Kingdom Plantae Plant Respiration Plants Plastids Protista Red Data Book Reproductive System of Earthworm Ribosomes Scientific Names of Animals and Plants Seed germination Sensory Perception Snail Skeletal System Spermatogenesis Structure Of Eye Taxonomic Hierarchy Taxonomy Algae Thallophyte

Types of Soil

Vacuoles What Is Adaptation Agricultural Practices Animal Kingdom Alimentary Canal Coelenterata Conservation of Forest and Wildlife Difference between Endosmosis and Exosmosis Difference between Afforestation and Deforestation Difference between Algae and Fungi Difference between Cereals and Pulses Difference Between Fragmentation and Regeneration Difference Between Neurosis and Psychosis Difference Between Nucleotide and Nucleoside

Difference Between Sea and Ocean

Difference Between Turtles and Tortoises

Difference Between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park

Modes of Plant Reproduction

Ecological Pyramid and Its Types

Double Fertilization in Angiosperms

Ecosystem Enzymes

Fertilisation in Plants

Five Kingdoms Classification

Flower

Ganongs Potometer

Health and Hygiene

Herbivores and Carnivores

Heterotrophic Nutrition Human Digestive System

Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Morphology of Leaves

Modifications of Root

Phylum Aschelminthes

Diffusion

Osmosis

Prokaryotic Cells

Reproduction

Flora And Fauna

Overview of Food Chain

Difference Between Rabi And Kharif Crops

Vegetative Propagation Angiosperms Characteristics Soil Profile

Types of Pollution

Human Excretory System Sense Organs Rainwater Harvesting

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells

Living And Non Living Things

The Nucleus

Irrigation

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Between Data And Information

Mitochondria

Nitrogen Cycle

Diagram of Animal Cell

Meristematic Tissue

Law of Segregation Law of Dominance

Eukaryotic Cells

Sources Animal Plant Products

Photosynthesis Respiration Ozone Layer Depletion Kingdom Fungi Aerobic Anaerobic Respiration Cell Organelles Peristalsis Bacteria Oogenesis

Leaves Morphology Types Modification

Mitosis and Meiosis

Dna Structure

How Do Organisms Reproduce

Diagram of Stomata

Monohybrid Cross Inheritance One Gene Mechanism of Breathing

Soil Erosion

Plasmolysis

Urine Formation Osmoregulation

Porifera

Flagella

Amoeba

Aerobic Respiration

Pteridophyta

Arteries And Veins Difference

Reflex Action

Stomata

Cell Wall

Diagram of Neuron

A Guide To Composition And Function Of Lymph

Difference Between Ligaments And Tendons

Insectivorous Plants

Nutrition Modes Living Organisms

Mendel Laws Of Inheritance

Nutrition In Amoeba

Calorific Value

Air Pollution Control

Fertilization In Plants

Life Processes

Binary Fission

Omnivores

Saprophytes

Asexual Reproduction

Deficiency Diseases

Light Reaction Vs Dark Reaction

Global Warming

Wildlife Sanctuary

Viviparous Oviparous Embryo Development

Glycolysis

Food Preservation Methods Food Poisoning

Crops

Biofertilizers

Biodiversity Conservation

Difference Between Endocrine And Exocrine Glands

Greenhouse Effect Gases

Diagram Of Digestive System

Crop Production And Management

Types Of Pollination

Introduction and Characteristics of Living Beings Meristematic Cells Taxonomical Aids _Flora, Manual, Monograph And Catalogues Types of leaves structure of skeletal muscle spirometry human respiratory system herbarium dinoflagellates general characters and structure of leaf halophiles and their features Exchange of Gases Simple Permanent tissue Morphology of root and its types Complex permanent tissues Regions of Root History of classification and its need Breathing And Exchange Of Gases Transport of Gases Regulation of Respiration Disorders of Respiratory System Interaction of Haemoglobin with Other Gases Amniocentesis Anatomy of flowering plants ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ARTs) Meristematic Cells Phloems Population explosion Reproductive Health RCH (Reproductive and Child Health Care) Medical termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Plant kingdom Biological Systems of Classification & Branches of Taxonomy Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Life cycle Patterns Anatomy of Roots Contraceptives Anatomy of stem Algae Bryophytes Tissues and its types STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) Cell - The Basic Unit of Life & its Historical background Cell theory and its modification An Overview of Cell Secondary growth in dicot stem Tissue system and types Prokaryotic (Bacterial) cell Ribosomes Eukaryotic cell Cell: The basic unit of life Cytoskeleton Centrosome and Centriole Cilia and flagella Nucleus Chromosomes Evolution Movement and Locomotion Human Reproduction Absorption and Translocation of Solutes Soil as a reservoir of Essential Elements LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Morphology in Flowering Plants Contractile proteins Muscular System Thyroid Puberty Hormones Origin of Universe Hypothalamus Cell wall Mitochondria Special Chromosomes Microbodies Introduction, Hydroponics and the study of mineral requirements of the plants Criteria of essentiality and Categorisation of Essential elements Deficiency symptoms of essential elements and toxicity The Stem The Root Cytoplasm and cell membrane Mineral Nutrition Disorders Related To Reproductive System Phylum Ctenophora Role of Macronutrients Role of Micronutrients Phylum - Coelenterata / Cnidaria Reptilia Aves Mammalia Anatomy of the leaf Animal kingdom Phylum Annelida Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata Vertebrata Chordates Disorders of circulatory system Abiotic Factors Male Reproductive System Kingdom Animalia Responses to Abiotic Factors Female Reproductive System Mammary Glands Pregnancy and Embryonic Development Cell Cancer Disorders of the Digestive System Infertility Morphology of Cockroach Blood and Plasma Alternation of Generations and Classification Predation Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae Phylum Coelenterata Phylum Porifera Phylum Platyhelminthes Chromosomal Disorders Competition Taxonomic Aids Alternation of generation in Pteridophytes Disorders of muscular and skeletal system General Characteristics of Living Digestive Glands Stomach Testis Buccal cavity Seed Common Diseases in Humans Permanent Tissue Permanent Tissues Xylem Pteridophytes Characteristics Parasitism and Commensalism Water Pollution and Its Control Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation Organism and its Environment Carbohydrates Greenhouse Effect Gases Amino Acids Dynamic State of Body Constituents Photosynthesis Chloroplast Features of Living Beings Blood Group  Lipids Kingdom Protista dense connective tissue connective tissue cartilage connective tissue blood plant cell viruses the stem Connective Tissue Bone Viroids Prions Lichens Animal cell Prokaryotic Cell Taxonomic Aids Herbarium and Museum Sphygmomanometer and ECG Population Attributes Noise pollution Diaphragm Parts of a Plant Photoperiodism Poultry Farming Nucleic Acids Cell Cycle Principles of Biotechnology Antibiotics IVF Glands Kranz Anatomy Sexual Reproduction in Plants Cytokinin Plant Development Biofertilizers Photorespiration Auxin Nutrient Cycling Types of Flowers Taxonomic Hierarchy and Categories Epidermal Tissue System Calyx and Corolla Ethylene Fertilization and Implantation Types of Fruits Inflorescence Types of Growth Macronutrients Family Liliaceae ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation Classification of Wood Ground Tissue System Secondary Growth in Stem Plant Vascular System Electron Transport System Transpiration Difference Between Types of Cells Ovary Structure Birth Control Epithelial Tissue Endomembrane System Cell Envelopes and Cell Membrane Muscle Types Axial Skeleton Acquired Immunity Lung Volumes and Capacities Suspension and Migration Prokaryotic Cells
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