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Strong Acids-Mineral Acids, Strong Acids and Their Varieties, Practice Problems and FAQs
As we all know, inverters have become a staple in our daily lives. But what is the chemistry of inverter batteries and what are the chemicals used in them? Inverter batteries are made of lead-acid. It is a lead-acid battery. It has two electrodes, lead and lead dioxide. This electrode is immersed in an electrolyte containing sulfuric acid. So the chemicals used in the inverter batteries are lead and sulfuric acid. As you know, sulfuric acid is an inorganic acid, so it is a strong acid. Similarly, many strong acids are used in our industry and in our daily lives. Let's discuss it in detail.
Table of Contents
- Mineral Acid (Strong Acid)
- Strong Acid Varieties
- Practice Problems
- Frequently Asked Questions
Mineral Acid (Strong Acid)
Mineral acids are those acids that are made from the earth's minerals. They are strong acids because they are highly corrosive and reactive.
Strong Acid Varieties
In the discipline of chemistry, seven acids are commonly referred to as "strong acids." The following is a list of strong acids.
- Hydrochloric acid ( chemical formula HCl)
- Hydrobromic acid (chemical formula HBr)
- Hydriodic acid (chemical formula HI)
- Sulfuric acid (chemical formula H2SO4)
- Nitric acid ( chemical formula HNO3)
- Chloric acid ( chemical formula HClO3)
- Perchloric acid (chemical formula HClO4 )
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
The chemical compound hydrochloric acid, commonly known as muriatic acid, has the formula HCl. This is an inorganic acid that is colourless. Hydrochloric acid is notorious for having a strong odour. It's also noted for being highly acidic and capable of attacking and damaging the skin.
Other chemical substances known to be present in this system include the chloride ion and the hydronium ion. This acidic mechanism is recognised to be a natural component of the gastric acid produced in practically all animal digestive systems.
Ionisation of HCl : HClH++Cl-,
Strong acids ionises completely to give protons. The HCl acid which gives one mole of a proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is a monobasic acid.
Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
Hydrogen bromide is a very strong acid that is formed when hydrogen bromide is dissolved in water. Bromic acid is a stronger acid than hydrochloric acid. However, it is not known whether the acidity of this acid is as strong as hydrogen iodide. It should be noted that hydrobromic acid is one of the most potent mineral acids known. Hydrobromic acid is mainly used to make inorganic bromides, especially calcium, zinc and sodium bromide.
Ionisation of HBr : HBrH++Br-,
Strong acids ionises completely to give protons. The HBr acid which gives one mole of a proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is a monobasic acid.
Hydrogen iodide (HI)
Hydrogen iodide is a strongly acidic solution of hydrogen iodide and water. This compound is known to be the second strongest acid of hydrogen and halogen (the strongest hydrostatic acid). Hydrogen iodide acid is a widely used chemical reagent. This compound has the ability to become fully ionized when placed in an aqueous solution. This compound exists as a colourless liquid with a slightly pungent odour.
Ionisation of HI : HIH++I-,
Strong acids ionises completely to give protons. The HI acid which gives one mole of a proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is a monobasic acid.
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol) is a mineral acid consisting of oxygen, sulfur and hydrogen. The molecular formula of this compound can be written as H2SO4. This acid is a colourless, odourless liquid that is naturally very viscous. The erosion of this compound can be mainly due to the strong acidity. Sulfuric acid is known to be hygroscopic. It is easy to absorb water vapour in the air. It is important to note that sulfuric acid causes severe chemical burns on contact and can cause minor burns. Therefore, it is considered extremely dangerous even at low concentrations.
Ionisation of H2SO4 : H2SO42H++SO42-,
Strong acids ionises completely to give protons. The sulphuric acid which gives two moles of the proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is a dibasic acid.
Nitric acid
Nitric acid (chemical formula HNO3), also known as nitric acid and aquafortis, is a highly corrosive mineral acid. This compound is a very powerful oxidizing agent. Under standard temperature and pressure conditions (usually abbreviated to STP), this compound exists as a colourless, yellow, or yellow-red liquid. This mineral acid is known to have a very stuffy smell.
Ionisation of HNO3 : HNO3H++NO3-,
Strong acids ionises completely to give protons. The nitric acid which gives one mole of a proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is a monobasic acid.
Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid, a compound of the formula HClO4, is a very strong inorganic acid. This compound is a colourless substance commonly used in aqueous solutions. It should be noted that perchloric acid is a stronger acid than sulfuric and nitric acid. When stored dry, this compound is a strong oxidizing agent. Due to the very strong oxidizing properties of perchloric acid, there are many strict rules regarding its treatment. It is very active against acidic metals (eg aluminium) and organic substances (eg wood and some plastics).
Ionisation of HClO4 : HClO4H++ClO4-,
Strong acids ionises completely to give protons. The perchloric acid which gives one mole of a proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is a monobasic acid.
Chloric acid
Chloric acid is a compound of the formula HClO3. This compound is chlorine oxoacid and is very acidic in nature. Chloric acid is also known to be a very strong oxidizing agent. It is important to note that hydrochloric acid is thermodynamically unstable because it is not easily disproportionate.
Ionisation of HClO3 : HClO3H++ClO3-,
Strong acids ionises completely to give protons. The chloric acid which gives one mole of a proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is a monobasic acid.
Practice Problems
1. Which of the following is known as mineral acid?
- CH3COOH
- H2SO4
- HCOOH
- All are mineral acids
Answer: (B)
Mineral acids are all inorganic acids. As a result, options (A) and (C) are organic acids, while option (B) is an inorganic acid. As a result, the correct option is (B)
2. Mineral acids are also referred to as
A. Strong Base
B. Weak Base
C. Weak Acid
D. Strong Acid
Answer : (D)
Mineral acids, which are also known as Strong acids, are acids made from earth minerals. As a result, the correct option should be (D)
3. Which of the following is known as Dibasic acid?
- HCl
- HNO3
- HClO4
- H2SO4
Answer: (D)
Ionisation of HCl : HClH++Cl-
Ionisation of HNO3 : HNO3H++NO3-
Ionisation of HClO4 : HClO4H++ClO4-
Ionisation of H2SO4 : H2SO42H++SO42-
The acid which gives two moles of the proton on ionisation of one mole of acid is called Dibasic acid.
As a result, the appropriate option is (D)
4. Which of the following statements are true?
- Sulphuric and nitric acids are widely used in the production of fertilizers.
- Hydrochloric acid is used to dissolve oxide film from steel objects.
- Sulphuric acid can inflict serious chemical burns and even secondary thermal burns when it comes into touch with it.
- All of these
Solution: All the statements are correct in the given question. Hence, the correct answer is option (D).
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What exactly is meant by "strong acid"?
Answer: In the solution, solid acids completely dissociate into ions. For example, hydrochloric acid is a solid acid. It completely ionizes to form hydrogen and chloride ions. Nitric acid and sulfuric acid are also found in strong acids.
2. What is the pH of a weak acid?
Answer: A weak acid's pH can be less than 7 (not neutral) and is usually lower than the value for a strong acid. Take note that exceptions do occur. For example, the pH of hydrochloric acid is 3.01 for a 1 mM solution, whereas the pH of hydrofluoric acid is very low, with a value of 3.27 for a 1 mM solution.
3. Which acid is recognized as the king of chemicals?
Answer: Sulfuric acid is known as the "king of chemicals" because of how it is produced. Because of its affinity for water, pure anhydrous sulfuric acid does not exist in nature.
4. Is HCl a weak acid?
Answer: No, In water, hydrogen chloride (HCl) completely ionizes into hydrogen ions and chloride ions. A weak acid is one that ionizes only slightly in an aqueous solution. Hence, HCl is a strong acid as it has a very weak conjugate base (Cl-).
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