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Euglena Structure And Classification

Euglena Structure And Classification

There are various kinds of unicellular organisms present in the world. Euglena is one of the unicellular microorganisms. It is a flagellated microorganism which has a flexible body. They have features of both plants and animals.

Table of Contents:

What is Euglena?

Euglena is a single-celled organism studied under species of class Euglenoidea, which contains 54 genera and more than 800 species. It has plastids and functions for photosynthesis in light. With the help of the flagellum, it moves around to search for food. They are often found in saltwater, marshes, freshwater and in moist land.

Classification Of Euglena

Initially, Euglena was classified as Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista, and Phylum Euglenozoa. Later, after a huge dilemma, Euglena is classified in the Kingdom Excavata.

Domain 

Eukaryota 

Kingdom 

Protista 

Class 

Euglenoidea

Phylum 

Euglena

Family 

EuglenAceae

Super phylum

Discoba

Order 

Euglenales

Genus 

Euglena 

Euglena is kept under phylum Euglenophyta due to the presence of chlorophyll. Trypanosomes are phylum Euglenozoa that contain non-photosynthetic flagellates, which can cause harmful effects and diseases in humans, such as African sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis.

Structure Of Euglena

  • Cytoplasm is a watery substance filled inside the cell.
  • The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane around the cytoplasm.
  • Chloroplasts are plastids containing chlorophyll to help absorb the light for photosynthesis.
  • Flagellum is a cellular lump by microtubules, which helps in the locomotion of the cell. 
  • The nucleus is a membrane-bound cell organelle containing the DNA.
  • Nucleolus consists of RNA, which helps in the synthesis of ribosomes. 
  • Mitochondria provide energy for the cell.
  • Lysosomes are sacs that help in the detoxification of the cell. 

Locomotion And Phototaxis Movement

  • Stigma is an eyespot which contains photoreceptors to detect light.
  • Flagella is present for the help of locomotion.
  • There are mostly two flagella present and originate from the cell. 
  • The short flagellum doesn’t protrude out of the cell, whereas the long flagellum is helpful for swimming.

Reproduction

The Euglena reproduces through asexual reproduction. They divide themselves into two halves longitudinally to produce a new organism of their own kind. They survive their entire life by swimming. The Euglena have a thick wall that prevents them from injuries. The Euglena produce their daughter cells by binary fission. Then, these cells grow their flagella and become Euglena. This stage is known as the palmelloid stage of the life cycle. 

Practice Problems On Euglena

Q1. Which of the following helps in the movement of Euglena?

a. Nucleus
b. Nucleolus
c. Flagellum
d. Cytoplasm

Ans: c. Flagellum

Flagellum is a cellular lump by microtubules, which helps in the locomotion of the cell. 

Q2. Euglena is classified under _____________ Kingdom.

a. Protista 
b. Euglenoidea
c. Euglena
d. EuglenAceae

Ans: a. Protista

Protista is a varied group of eukaryotic creatures that are typically single-celled and exhibit a wide range of structural and functional changes, such as Euglena.

Q3. Which of the following contains the genetic matter of the cell?

a. Nucleus
b. Nucleolus
c. Flagellum
d. Cytoplasm

Ans: a. Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound cell organelle containing the DNA.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is the basic anatomy of Euglena?
Answer:
Euglena has a nucleus and cell membrane. The nucleus controls and manages the cellular activities of the cell, and the cell membrane encloses all other cell organelles to protect them.

Q2. Is Euglena prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Answer: Euglena is a eukaryotic cell. It is unicellular and has a flagellum for locomotion. They have a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and other cell organelles.

Q3. Is Euglena a plant or an animal?
Answer:
Euglena is a unicellular organism with flagella. They have characteristics of plants and animals. However, they are not placed in the Kingdom Plantae or Animalia. They are classified under the Kingdom Protista.

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