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Endoplasmic Reticulum And Golgi Body- Functions and Differences

Endoplasmic Reticulum And Golgi Body- Functions and Differences

Most of the eukaryotic cells have cell organelles named Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Along with lysosomes, they are called the endomembrane system of the cells. Both the Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are members of network membranes. The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids that are transported to the membrane-bound vesicles.

Table of Contents:

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes comprising flattened membranes. The cytoskeleton of the cells holds the endoplasmic sacs together. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: 

  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum takes part in lipid metabolism. The endoplasmic reticulum is present in all cells except RBCs and sperm cells.

The Function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum helps to detoxify the compounds and in carbohydrate metabolism. 
  • It helps in storing and releasing calcium ions and is responsible for the contraction of muscle cells. 
  • It synthesizes hormones in the brain of male and female hormones.
  • It helps in the endoplasmic reticulum synthesis of proteins and lipids.
  • It produces antibodies in white blood cells. 
  • In pancreatic cells, it produces insulin.

What are Golgi Bodies?

Golgi bodies or Golgi apparatus are named after and discovered by Camillo Golgi. It is an organelle that appears like a series of stacked membranes. It helps in the packing and processing proteins and lipid molecules to export from cells. They are renal tubules or vesicles. When proteins produce from the endoplasmic reticulum, they reach the Golgi apparatus for further processing.

The Function of the Golgi Bodies

  • The Golgi body creates new vesicles from the existing Golgi membrane and gives these vessels glycoproteins and other substances.
  • It serves as a “traffic police officer” for cells, as it directs the lipids and proteins to the targeted destinations.
  • Golgi complex synthesizes other organelles such as cell membranes and lysozymes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum And Golgi Body On Practice Problems  

Q1. Which of the following is related to the Glycosylation of protein?

a. Lysosome
b. Peroxisome
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ans: d. Endoplasmic Reticulum.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is where sugar molecules are added to certain amino acids, altering protein folding, trafficking, stability, and function.

Q2. Which of the following is produced by smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

a. Nucleic Acid
b. Carbohydrate
c. Protein
d. Lipid

Ans: d. Lipid

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum takes part in lipid metabolism.

Q3. Which of the following directs the proteins and lipids to the target?

a. Peroxisome
b. Mitochondria
c. Golgi body
d. None of the above

Ans: c. Golgi body

Golgi body serves as a “traffic police officer” for cells, as it directs the lipids and proteins to the targeted destinations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is meant by Eukaryotic Cells?
Answer:
Eukaryotic cells are present in multicellular microorganisms, and they come under Eukaryota. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. They have various organelles to perform various functions.

Q2. Why is Mitochondria called the ‘Powerhouse of the cell’?
Answer: 
Mitochondria are called the ‘Powerhouse of the cell’ because it generates chemical energy that is required for the cell's biochemical reactions.

Q3. What is Chloroplast?
Answer: 
The Chloroplast is the green-coloured plastids containing chlorophyll. It is a double membrane organelle present in the plant cell.

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