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Difference Between Denaturation And Renaturation Of DNA

Difference Between Denaturation And Renaturation Of DNA

DNA is responsible for carrying our genetic information and the functioning of our organs. Denaturation and Renaturation of DNA refer to the processes that help in the study of genetic information. These methods basically help to unwind and rewind the double-strand DNA by heating and cooling, respectively.

Table of Contents:

  • What is Denaturation?
  • Methods of Denaturation
  • Effect of Denaturation of DNA
  • What is Renaturation?
  • Difference Between Denaturation and Renaturation of DNA
  • Practice Problems
  • Frequently Asked Questions

What is Denaturation?

We all know that DNA is a double-stranded helical structure. Denaturation is a process that includes the unwinding of two strands under high temperature, pH, etc., which results in two separate single strands of DNA. Certain factors affect the stability of the DNA structure. The hydrogen bonds between the double-stranded DNA are broken to get two separate strands. However, the covalent bonds of DNA remain the same.

Methods of Denaturation

There are various methods involved in the Denaturation process. They are given below:

  • Thermal Denaturation

Generally, Denaturation is done by heating at a temperature >80-90℃. Critical temperature refers to the temperature at which DNA is half-denatured. It is also called the (Tm)melting temperature. This melting temperature varies and depends on the composition and length of the DNA bases. 

  • Extreme pH

The hydrogen bonds between the two strands of the DNA are dissociated at high pH of >11.3. This is due to the presence of generous OH- ions. This extreme pH results in the Denaturation of DNA.

  • Denaturing Agents

Hydrogen bonds can be destabilised by lowering the salt concentration. For example, urea and formaldehyde can form hydrogen bonds with nitrogen bases. Aldehydes break the hydrogen bonding between the strands by modifying the electronegative centres of nitrogenous bases.

Effect of Denaturation of DNA

  • The rate of absorption is directly proportional to the rate of denaturation. So the absorption of UV light increased at 260 nm wavelength.
  • Physical change in the structure of DNA due to the decrease in viscosity.

What is Renaturation?

Renaturation is a process of reversal of denaturation. It includes the rewinding of separate single strands of DNA. It is also known as annealing. The unwound strand of DNA returns back to the normal DNA structure or rewind by bringing the temperature and pH to the optimum biological level.

Renaturation can be done fast by a one-step process in case the DNA is not completely denatured. If the DNA is completely denatured, renaturation involves a two-step process. Initially, the complementary strands join together by random collision and form a double helix structure by rewinding. 

  • The denatured DNA is cooled under suitable conditions for renaturation. Renaturation depends on temperature, pH, length and constituents of the DNA structure. 
  • The renaturation rate of DNA is directly proportional to the number of complementary sequences present.
  • The absorption of UV light decreased at 260 nm wavelength due to the increase in viscosity.

Difference Between Denaturation and Renaturation of DNA

Denaturation and Renaturation of DNA help in determining the size and composition of the genome. It is used to understand the relationship between two genomes and the sequence of repetition in the present genome. The table below shows the difference between Denaturation and Renaturation of DNA:

Denaturation of DNA

Renaturation of DNA

Double-strand DNA is separated into two single strands.

Denatured single strands of DNA are combined to form double strands.

Heating is involved.

Cooling is involved.

DNA is unwinded.

DNA is rewinded.

Breaking of hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands.

Formation of hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands.

Absorption of UV light increases

Absorption of UV light decreases

Increase in viscosity

Decrease in viscosity

Practice Problems

Q1. Which of the following causes a physical change in the structure of DNA?

A. Decrease in viscosity
B. Increase in viscosity
C. No Change in viscosity
D. None of the above

Answer: A. Decrease in viscosity

Explanation: Physical change in the structure of DNA due to the decrease in viscosity.

Q2. Which of the following is involved in the Renaturation process?

A. Heating
B. Cooling
C. Melting
D. Freezing

Answer: B. Cooling

Explanation: The unwound strand of DNA returns back to the normal DNA structure or rewind, by bringing the temperature and pH to the optimum biological level. The denatured DNA is cooled under suitable conditions for renaturation. 

Q3. Which of the following break the hydrogen bonding between the two DNA strands?

A. Alcohol
B. Benzoyl
C. Aldehydes 
D. None of the above

Answer: C. Aldehydes 

Explanation: Aldehydes break the hydrogen bonding between the strands by modifying the electronegative centres of nitrogenous bases.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What is the full form of DNA?
Answer: DNA full form is Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It refers to the molecules that transmit and carry the genetic information from parents to children.

Q2. What are the different types of DNA?
Answer: There are various types of DNA, namely, A-DNA, B-DNA and Z-DNA. They are double helix, right-handed helix and zig-zag double helix in shape, respectively.

Q3. When does Renaturation occur?
Answer: Renaturation occurs when the denatured DNA is cooled under specific conditions.

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Surface Area of Cube Surface Area of Cylinder Volume of Cone Volume of Cuboid Value of Log 1 Decimal Number System Conversion of Units What is Proper Fraction? Rolle's Theorem Vertical Angles Trigonometry Values Sec 0 Greatest Integer Function Mean Deviation & Frequency Distribution Concentric Circles Symmetry Variance

Laws of Exponents

Length of Tangent Alternative Hypothesis Control Charts Straight Angle LCM Of Two Numbers Bivariate Analysis Surds Square Root of 10 Cos 90 Value Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers

Decimal to Binary

Difference Between Square & Rhombus Symmetric Matrix Relation Between Inch and cm Sin 45 Value Divisibility Rules For 13 Profit and Loss Percentage Linear Pair Of Angles Line Segment Rational and Irrational Numbers Euclid Geometry Sec 30 Complimentary and Suplementary Angles Square root and Cube Root LCM Nature of Roots of a Quadratic Equation Vertices, Faces and Edges Quadrilateral Angle Sum Property

Geometry Symbols

Isosceles Triangle

Numbers in Words

Angle Between Two Planes

Complex Numbers

Addition and Subtraction of Integers

Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers

Is 91 a Prime Number?

Difference Between Cube and Cuboid

Distributive Property

Difference Between Rhombus and Parallelogram

Skip Counting

Trigonometry Functions of Sum and Difference of Angles

Logarithm Table

Vector And Scalar Quantities

Data Organization

PEMDAS

Secant of a Circle

Vector Space

Angle Bisector Theorem

Mutually Exclusive Events

Statistical Inference

Difference Between Area and Volume

How to Find Prime Numbers?

3D Shapes

Division of Line Segment Binary Addition Ordinate Line Graph Boolean Algebra Latus Rectum of Conic Section Differential Equation And It's Types

Involute

Similarity of Triangles

Simple Equations Application

Types of Polygon

Equation of A Circle Law of Tangents Data Sets Binary to Octal Conversion Rational Numbers on a Number Line Cross Section Construction of Triangle Circles Factors of 36 Probability Distribution Difference Between Parametric and Non-Parametric Test Number Patterns Whole Numbers Parts of Circle Square Root of 9 Parallel Lines Oblique Sketch Direct Proportion Cosine Rules Construction of Quadrilaterals Right Circular Cylinder Hexadecimal number system Remainder Theorem

Volume of a Prism

Missing Numbers

Sec 90

Derivatives

Multiple of 9

Metric System of Measurement

Parallelogram, Trapezium and Kite Cumulative Frequency Distribution Ratio to Percentage Factors of 98 Total Probability Theorem Commutative Property Basic Set Theory Difference Between Area and Surface Area Identity Function Geometric Distribution Combination Sum of Squares Factors of 25 Triangle Inequality Complement of a Set Factor of 105 Arc Categorical Data Construction of a Rhombus Hexadecimal to Octal Conversion Decimal Expansion of Rational Numbers Distance Between Two Points Estimation of Numbers Multiplication Theorem of Probability Properties of Definite Integrals Right Angle Triangle Theorem Section Formula in 3 Dimension Solids Trigonometric Equations Variance and Standard Deviation Disjoint Set Application of Linear Equations Area and Perimeter Factors of 91 Concave Polygon Factors of 42

General Equation of a Line

Factors of 100 Factors of a Number

Multiplicative Inverse

Linear Differential Equations

Inverse Cosine

Comparing Quantities using Percentage

Fractional Part Function Definition of Signum function Trigonometric Functions Ellipse Integration By Parts Sets Matrix Types of Sets Bijective Functions Algebra of Functions Composite Functions Binary Operations Domain Codomain & Range Functions Parametric Equation of a Circle Venn Diagram Tangent to a Circle Binomial Theorem L'Hospital Rule Relations Operation on Sets Particular Cases of a Circle Terms Related to an Ellipse Equality of Matrices Reflexive, Symmetric & Equivalence Relation Types of Functions Matrix Multiplication Tangents to an Ellipse Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Active Transport Adaptive radiation evolution Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Agricultural Implements Algae Alimentary Canal Anatomy Angiosperms And Gymnosperms Difference Animal Cell Apiculture Beekeeping

Apoplast

Asexual Reproduction Animals Autotrophic Nutrition Biodiversity Biotic and Abiotic

Bryophyta

Budding Camouflage Cattle Farming Animal Husbandry Cell Structure and Function Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Cells Chloroplasts Chromatin Classification of Animal Kingdom Composition of Lymph Conduction of Nerve Impulse Cyclic and Non Cyclic Cyclic Photophosphorylation Cytoplasm Structure Function Difference Between Active and Passive Transport Difference Between Archaea And Bacteria Difference Between Blood And Lymphth Difference Between Cerebellum And Cerebrum Difference Between Chromosome And Chromatid Difference Between Diffusion and Osmosis Difference Between DNA and RNA Difference Between Haploid And Diploid Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell Difference between Renewable and Non Renewable Resources Difference Between Unicellular And Multicellular Organisms Difference Between Vertebrates and Invertebrates Difference between Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles Difference Between Xylem and Phloem Different Types Ecological Pyramids Diffusion - Means of Transport Disadvantages of Dams Ecology Endemic Species Endocrine System Ductless Glands Energy Flow In Ecosystem Excretion and Its Importance Food Production

Food Web

Fragmentation

Gemmules

Gibberellins

Grassland Adaptations

Guttation

Gymnosperms

Harmful Microorganisms

Homeostasis

Human Body Anatomy

Human Heart

Invertebrates

Kingdom Monera Protista Fungi Law of Segregation and Law of Dominance

Life process

Light-dependent Reactions

Lipids

Living Things

Macromolecule Meiosis 1 Stages and Process Mendelian Disorders Microbodies Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution Monera Nephron Function Renal Tubules Nuclear Membrane Nucleolus Nucleus Our Environment Parasitism Parts of Plants Passive Transport Plant Cell Plant Kingdom Plantae Plant Respiration Plants Plastids Protista Red Data Book Reproductive System of Earthworm Ribosomes Scientific Names of Animals and Plants Seed germination Sensory Perception Snail Skeletal System Spermatogenesis Structure Of Eye Taxonomic Hierarchy Taxonomy Algae Thallophyte

Types of Soil

Vacuoles What Is Adaptation Agricultural Practices Animal Kingdom Alimentary Canal Coelenterata Conservation of Forest and Wildlife Difference between Endosmosis and Exosmosis Difference between Afforestation and Deforestation Difference between Algae and Fungi Difference between Cereals and Pulses Difference Between Fragmentation and Regeneration Difference Between Neurosis and Psychosis Difference Between Nucleotide and Nucleoside

Difference Between Sea and Ocean

Difference Between Turtles and Tortoises

Difference Between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park

Modes of Plant Reproduction

Ecological Pyramid and Its Types

Double Fertilization in Angiosperms

Ecosystem Enzymes

Fertilisation in Plants

Five Kingdoms Classification

Flower

Ganongs Potometer

Health and Hygiene

Herbivores and Carnivores

Heterotrophic Nutrition Human Digestive System

Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Morphology of Leaves

Modifications of Root

Phylum Aschelminthes

Diffusion

Osmosis

Prokaryotic Cells

Reproduction

Flora And Fauna

Overview of Food Chain

Difference Between Rabi And Kharif Crops

Vegetative Propagation Angiosperms Characteristics Soil Profile

Types of Pollution

Human Excretory System Sense Organs Rainwater Harvesting

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells

Living And Non Living Things

The Nucleus

Irrigation

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Between Data And Information

Mitochondria

Nitrogen Cycle

Diagram of Animal Cell

Meristematic Tissue

Law of Segregation Law of Dominance

Eukaryotic Cells

Sources Animal Plant Products

Photosynthesis Respiration Ozone Layer Depletion Kingdom Fungi Aerobic Anaerobic Respiration Cell Organelles Peristalsis Bacteria Oogenesis

Leaves Morphology Types Modification

Mitosis and Meiosis

Dna Structure

How Do Organisms Reproduce

Diagram of Stomata

Monohybrid Cross Inheritance One Gene Mechanism of Breathing

Soil Erosion

Plasmolysis

Urine Formation Osmoregulation

Porifera

Flagella

Amoeba

Aerobic Respiration

Pteridophyta

Arteries And Veins Difference

Reflex Action

Stomata

Cell Wall

Diagram of Neuron

A Guide To Composition And Function Of Lymph

Difference Between Ligaments And Tendons

Insectivorous Plants

Nutrition Modes Living Organisms

Mendel Laws Of Inheritance

Nutrition In Amoeba

Calorific Value

Air Pollution Control

Fertilization In Plants

Life Processes

Binary Fission

Omnivores

Saprophytes

Asexual Reproduction

Deficiency Diseases

Light Reaction Vs Dark Reaction

Global Warming

Wildlife Sanctuary

Viviparous Oviparous Embryo Development

Glycolysis

Food Preservation Methods Food Poisoning

Crops

Biofertilizers

Biodiversity Conservation

Difference Between Endocrine And Exocrine Glands

Greenhouse Effect Gases

Diagram Of Digestive System

Crop Production And Management

Types Of Pollination

Introduction and Characteristics of Living Beings Meristematic Cells Taxonomical Aids _Flora, Manual, Monograph And Catalogues Types of leaves structure of skeletal muscle spirometry human respiratory system herbarium dinoflagellates general characters and structure of leaf halophiles and their features Exchange of Gases Simple Permanent tissue Morphology of root and its types Complex permanent tissues Regions of Root History of classification and its need Breathing And Exchange Of Gases Transport of Gases Regulation of Respiration Disorders of Respiratory System Interaction of Haemoglobin with Other Gases Amniocentesis Anatomy of flowering plants ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ARTs) Meristematic Cells Phloems Population explosion Reproductive Health RCH (Reproductive and Child Health Care) Medical termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Plant kingdom Biological Systems of Classification & Branches of Taxonomy Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Life cycle Patterns Anatomy of Roots Contraceptives Anatomy of stem Algae Bryophytes Tissues and its types STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) Cell - The Basic Unit of Life & its Historical background Cell theory and its modification An Overview of Cell Secondary growth in dicot stem Tissue system and types Prokaryotic (Bacterial) cell Ribosomes Eukaryotic cell Cell: The basic unit of life Cytoskeleton Centrosome and Centriole Cilia and flagella Nucleus Chromosomes Evolution Movement and Locomotion Human Reproduction Absorption and Translocation of Solutes Soil as a reservoir of Essential Elements LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Morphology in Flowering Plants Contractile proteins Muscular System Thyroid Puberty Hormones Origin of Universe Hypothalamus Cell wall Mitochondria Special Chromosomes Microbodies Introduction, Hydroponics and the study of mineral requirements of the plants Criteria of essentiality and Categorisation of Essential elements Deficiency symptoms of essential elements and toxicity The Stem The Root Cytoplasm and cell membrane Mineral Nutrition Disorders Related To Reproductive System Phylum Ctenophora Role of Macronutrients Role of Micronutrients Phylum - Coelenterata / Cnidaria Reptilia Aves Mammalia Anatomy of the leaf Animal kingdom Phylum Annelida Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata Vertebrata Chordates Disorders of circulatory system Abiotic Factors Male Reproductive System Kingdom Animalia Responses to Abiotic Factors Female Reproductive System Mammary Glands Pregnancy and Embryonic Development Cell Cancer Disorders of the Digestive System Infertility Morphology of Cockroach Blood and Plasma Alternation of Generations and Classification Predation Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae Phylum Coelenterata Phylum Porifera Phylum Platyhelminthes Chromosomal Disorders Competition Taxonomic Aids Alternation of generation in Pteridophytes Disorders of muscular and skeletal system General Characteristics of Living Digestive Glands Stomach Testis Buccal cavity Seed Common Diseases in Humans Permanent Tissue Permanent Tissues Xylem Pteridophytes Characteristics Parasitism and Commensalism Water Pollution and Its Control Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation Organism and its Environment Carbohydrates Greenhouse Effect Gases Amino Acids Dynamic State of Body Constituents Photosynthesis Chloroplast Features of Living Beings Blood Group  Lipids Kingdom Protista dense connective tissue connective tissue cartilage connective tissue blood plant cell viruses the stem Connective Tissue Bone Viroids Prions Lichens Animal cell Prokaryotic Cell Taxonomic Aids Herbarium and Museum Sphygmomanometer and ECG Population Attributes Noise pollution Diaphragm Parts of a Plant Photoperiodism Poultry Farming Nucleic Acids Cell Cycle Principles of Biotechnology Antibiotics IVF Glands Kranz Anatomy Sexual Reproduction in Plants Cytokinin Plant Development Biofertilizers Photorespiration Auxin Nutrient Cycling Types of Flowers Taxonomic Hierarchy and Categories Epidermal Tissue System Calyx and Corolla Ethylene Fertilization and Implantation Types of Fruits Inflorescence Types of Growth Macronutrients Family Liliaceae ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation Classification of Wood Ground Tissue System Secondary Growth in Stem Plant Vascular System Electron Transport System Transpiration Difference Between Types of Cells Ovary Structure Birth Control Epithelial Tissue Endomembrane System Cell Envelopes and Cell Membrane Muscle Types Axial Skeleton Acquired Immunity Lung Volumes and Capacities Suspension and Migration Prokaryotic Cells
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