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Addition and subtraction of integers

Addition and subtraction of integers 

Addition

Whenever we want to increase the value of a commodity or thing, we will add two or more quantities. Same way, whenever we want to increase the value of integers, we will add two or more integers. For example, the girl has six toffees. Her mother gave her five more. So the total toffees she has is eleven. (5+6) = 11

Addition of a positive and a negative integer

Whenever we add a positive and a negative integer, we need to subtract both of them. Therefore, the sign of the integer also changes. After the subtraction is done, the sign of the greater number will be put in the answer.
For example, add 3 and -6. We need to subtract 3 and 6 and put the greater number sign, i.e., 6. Thus, we will get -3.
Add 5 and -1. We will get 4.

Addition of two negative integers

Whenever we add two negative integers, we add the two numbers and put a negative sign in the result. For example, add -5 and -2. We will get (-5) + (-2) = -7.
Add -10 and -4, and we will get -14.

Subtraction

When we want to decrease the value of a commodity or thing, we will subtract two or more quantities. Same way, whenever we want to decrease the value of integers, we will subtract two or more integers. For example, the girl has six toffees. Her mother took five toffees from her. So the remaining toffees left is one. (6-5) = 1
If we subtract a larger value from a smaller value, we will get the results in negative. For example, 4-10 = -6, 6-19 = -13.

Subtraction of a positive and a negative integer

While performing this function, one has to be very careful. We will consider two cases here-

  1. Subtraction of a larger/lower positive from a lower/larger negative number: - Consider two numbers, 7 (larger positive) and -3 (lower negative). We need to add both numbers in this case. The sign in the result will always be of the larger number.
    For example, -3 – (7) = -3 – 7 = -10.
    -20 – (6) = -26
  2. Subtraction of a lower/higher negative from a larger/lower positive number: - Consider -6 (lower negative) and 10 (larger positive). In this case, we will add both numbers. The result will be a positive number.
    For example, 10 – (-6) = 10 + 6 = 16.
    23 – (-26) = 49

Subtraction of two negative integers

We will subtract both the integers and will put the sign of the larger number in the results.
For example, -9 – (-10) = -9 + 10 = 1
-24 – (-8) = -24 + 8 = -16

Point to remember

One must be very sure of doing these additions and subtractions. Therefore, learn and understand the rules thoroughly to avoid any mistakes.

Example

Solve a) -9 – (-4)
b) 28 – (-6)
c) -12 + (-5)

Solution

  1. –9 – (-4) = -9 + 4 = -5
  2. 28 – (-6) = 28 + 6 = 34
  3. -12 + (-5) = -12 – 5 = -17

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