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Home » CBSE » CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Term 2 Exam: Chapter-wise Weightage, Important Topics for term 2 board exams

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    CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Term 2 Exam: Chapter-wise Weightage, Important Topics for term 2 board exams

    Here is the complete CBSE class 12 Term 2 exam syllabus, chapter-wise weightage for PCB + PCM students which will help you to score excellent marks in the exam.

    by Team @Aakash
    4 years ago
    in CBSE
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    The publication of the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) Class 12 Marking Scheme has been done recently. There are generally two terms in Class 12 named terms 1 and 2. The nature of the term 2 examinations would usually be situation-based, case-based, subjective, open-ended short-type questions. However, most questions which are asked in both the terms are objective-based. 

    In this informative article, we have organised a list of topics for Physics – Chemistry – Maths and Physics – Chemistry – Biology students. These topics would include various sets of information regarding the distribution and weightage of marks, important books for reference, how to score maximum marks in each subject, etc. So, before diving deep into them, let us talk about a few things related to the syllabuses of all the subjects, along with their significance.

    Important Highlights of the Exam

    Before appearing for the CBSE Class 12 Term 2 examination, the students should understand the major importance and other highlights. The following are a few points:

    • Understanding the marking scheme would ease off the students’ minds and clarify what to study.
    • It will also help them prioritise the topics based on the level of importance or the level of difficulty, whichever with which the students feel more comfortable.
    • It will enhance the scope of securing maximum marks in the examination.

    Also See: CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Exam Answer Key | CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 

    Importance of Knowing the Syllabus

    Having an overall idea of the Class 12 syllabus will have major advantages for the students who appear for the exams. Given below are the few set of the major importance of knowing the syllabus:

    • It is a must for every student to know what the syllabus is because it will help them have an overall idea of the subject they are studying.
    • They will be able to identify the most important and least important topics.
    • Furthermore, if a chapter contains problems, understanding the syllabus will help students know what the problem is about and what it says.
    • It will help them encounter learning formulas.
    • It will improve their confidence level and help boost their morale.

    ALSO READ:

    All You Need To Know About CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Exams

    CBSE Class 10 Term 2 English Exam

    CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Maths Syllabus

    The following table provides information regarding the syllabus of CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Term 2, as well as how the marks are being distributed in each chapter and topic:

    Chapter No. Units Marks
    III Calculus 18
    IV Vectors and 3-Dimensional Geometry 14
    VI Probability 8
    Internal Assessment 10
    TOTAL 50

    Also See:

    CBSE Class 12 Maths Term 2 Syllabus: Chapter-wise Weightage, Important Questions & Marking Scheme

    Unit III – Calculus

    • Integrals: Integration as an inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions, and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
    • Applications of the Integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, parabolas; area of circles/ellipses (in standard form only) (the region should be clearly identifiable).
    • Differential Equations: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of the first order and first degree of the type: dydx = fyx. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dydx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constant

    Also See:

    CBSE Class 12 Maths Sample Paper for Term 2 Exam 2023 with Paper Pattern & Solutions

    • Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors.
    • Three – dimensional Geometry: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, the shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.

    Unit VI – Probability

    • Probability: Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution.

    Activity Assessment:

    In each term, any 4 activities can be allotted. It will add up to a total of 8 activities in both terms. These activities are specified in the NCERT Laboratory Manual for each subject. The students are asked to keep the record of the same. At the end of the term, there will be an end activity to assess the students’ abilities. 

    The following is the weightage distribution:

    • The activities are undertaken by the students in both the terms & record keeping: 3 marks
    • Assessment based on the performance of activity during both term-end tests and vice versa: 2 marks

    Important Topics:

    The Class 12 students should know what the important topics are. The following is the tabulation for the same:

    Chapter name Important topics
    Integrals
    • Integration Methods
    1. Substitution
    2. Partial Fractions
    3. Parts
    • Properties of Definite Integrals
    • Definite Integral as Limit of a sum
    Application of Integrals
    • Area under curves
    • The area bounded by two Curves
    • The area bounded by a curve and a line
    Differential Equations
    • Differential equation Formation
    • Linear differential equation
    • Solving Differential Equation with variable separable methods
    • Homogeneous Differential Equation
    Vector Algebra
    • Scalar Product of Vectors
    • Projection of Vectors on a line
    • Vector Product of Vectors
    3-D Geometry
    • Direction Cosines
    • Direction Ratio of line
    • Line Equation
    • The angle between two lines
    • Coplanarity of line
    • The shortest distance between two skew lines
    • The angle between 2 planes
    • The distance of a point from a plane
    • The angle between a line and a plane
    • Equation of plane in normal form
    • Equation of plane perpendicular to the provided vector and it passes through a given point
    • Equation of plane passing through the three non-collinear points
    • The plane passing through the intersection of two planes
    Probability
    • Probability Multiplication theorem
    • Independent Events
    • Bayes’ Theorem
    • Binomial Distribution
    • Random Variable and its probability distribution
    • Mean and Variance of Random Variable

    Also see:

    CBSE Class 12 Maths Exam 2023 Syllabus: Important Topics Chapter-Wise

    10 Most Important Questions

    The following are the 10 most commonly asked questions in previous years’ question papers:

    1. Write two different vectors having the same direction.
    2. Find the scalar and vector components of the vector with the initial point (2, 1, 3) and terminal point (– 5, 7, 7).
    3. If a line makes angles 90 °, 135 °, 45 ° with the x, y and z axes respectively, find its direction cosines.
    4. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, –3, 4) on the y-axis.
    5. Find the direction cosines of the line passing through the two points (1,– 2, 4) and (– 1, 1, – 2).
    6. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (–2, 8, 7) on the XZ-plane.
    7. A card is picked at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Given that the picked card is a queen, find the probability of this card to be a card of a spade.
    8. Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes 2x + 3y – z + 1 = 0; x + y – 2z + 3 = 0 and perpendicular to the plane 3x – y – 2z – 4 = 0.
    9. A die marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green is tossed. Let A be the event “number is even” and B be the event “number is marked red”. Find whether events A and B are independent or not.
    10. Given that the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different, find the probability of the event “the sum of numbers on the dice is 10”.

    CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Syllabus Physics

    Let us looks at the CBSE Class 12 Physics Term 2exam:

    Unit No. and Name Chapter Name Marks
    UNIT V: Electromagnetic Waves (2 periods) Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic Waves 17
    UNIT VI: Optics (18 periods) Chapter 9 – Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
    Chapter 10 – Wave Optics
    UNIT VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (7 periods) Chapter 11 – Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 11
    UNIT VIII: Atoms and Nuclei (11 periods) Chapter 12 – Atoms
    Chapter 13 – Nuclei
    UNIT XI: Electronic Devices (7 periods) Chapter 14 – Semiconductor -Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits 7
    Total 35

    Unit V: Electromagnetic waves

    Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

    • Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their Transverse nature (qualitative ideas only).
    • Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) includes elementary facts about their uses.

    Also See: CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Physics Syllabus

    Unit VI: Optics

    Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

    • Ray Optics: Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, a combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.
    • Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

    Chapter 10: Wave Optics

    • Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wavefronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle, Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.

    Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

    Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

    • Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.
    • Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation

    Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

    Chapter 12: Atoms

    • Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.

    Chapter 13: Nuclei 

    • Composition and size of nucleus Nuclear force Mass-energy relation, mass defect, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

    Unit IX: Electronic Devices

    Chapter 14:

    • Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only).
    • Semiconductor diode – I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell.

    Syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Physics Term 2 Practical Exam (16 periods)

    The Physics Term 2 practical examination has been organised by schools according to the instructions of CBSE. In this, viva will be taken by both internal and external examiners. The students are asked to submit the record notebook at the term 2 examination. This practical examination includes a record of at least 4 Experiments and 3 Activities to be illustrated by the teacher.

    Scheme of Valuation

    Time Allotted: 1 hour 30 minutes

    Maximum Marks: 15

    2 experiments need to be performed by the students during the exam: 8 marks

    Practical record [experiments and activities]: 2 marks

    Viva on experiments and activities: 5 marks

    Total: 15 marks

    Experiments Assigned for Term 2:

    1. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1u and 1v.
    2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.

    OR

    To find the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens.

    1. To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.
    2. To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
    3. To find the refractive index of a liquid by using a convex lens and plane mirror.
    4. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias.

    Activities Assigned for Term 2

    1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
    2. Use a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
    3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
    4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
    5. To observe polarisation of light using two Polaroids.
    6. To observe the diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
    7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
    8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

    Important Topics:

    The following  topics are the most frequently asked, for the past year’s board exams:

    Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

    • EM waves
    • Displacement Current
    • Nature of EM waves

    Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

    • Image formation by spherical mirrors
    • Image formation by spherical lenses
    • Power and combination of lenses
    • Total internal reflection
    • Natural phenomenon due to light (Definition and Numericals)
    • Refraction through a Prism (Ray diagram, Numericals and Derivation)
    • Eye
    • Microscope
    • Telescope

    Chapter 10: Wave optics

    • Incoherent and coherent waves addition
    • Reflection and refraction of plane waves using the Huygen principle
    • Interference and Young’s double-slit experiment
    • Diffraction of light
    • Polarisation by scattering
    • Resolving power of optical Instruments

    Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

    • Photoelectric effect
    • de Broglie hypothesis
    • Davisson and Germer experiment
    • Einstein photoelectric equation

    Chapter 12: Atoms

    • Atomic spectra
    • Electron orbits
    • de-Broglie explanation of Bohr’s postulate
    • Bohr Model of a Hydrogen atom
    • Line spectra of a Hydrogen atom

    Chapter 13: Nuclei

    • Nuclear binding energy
    • Radioactivity
    • Radioactive decays

    Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

    • Intrinsic semiconductors
    • Extrinsic semiconductors
    • p-n Junction diode
    • p-n Junction in reverse bias and forward bias
    • n-p-n and p-n-p transistor
    • Junction diode as a rectifier
    • Zener diode as a voltage regulator
    • Transistor as an amplifier
    • Logic gates

    Exam Pattern:

    The CBSE Class 12 Physics carries the following weightage of marks under each section:

    There are three sections, with different marks distribution. They are:

    • Section A – Here, each question carries 2 marks.
    • Section B – Here, each question carries 3 marks.
    • Section C – Here, each question carries 5 marks.

    10 Most Important Questions

    1. What is the ratio of the speed of gamma rays and radio waves in a vacuum?
    2. Name the series of hydrogen spectra lying in the ultraviolet and visible regions.
    3. Why is a semiconductor damaged by a strong current?
    4. State the condition under which a microwave oven heats up food items containing water molecules most efficiently.
    5. A person looking at a person wearing a shirt with a pattern comprising vertical and horizontal lines can see the vertical lines more distinctly than the horizontal ones. What is this defect due to? How is such a defect of vision corrected?
    6. Show on a plot the nature of variation of photoelectric current with the intensity of radiation incident on a photosensitive surface.
    7. A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is split into two fragments Y and Z of mass numbers 110 and 130. The binding energy of nucleons in Y and Z is 8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per fission in MeV. 
    8. State Huygens’s principle for constructing wavefronts. 
    9. Derive all expressions for the fringe width in Young’s double-slit experiment. 
    10. Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential for two different frequencies, v1 > v2, of incident radiation having the same intensity. In which case will the stopping potential be higher? Justify your answer.

    CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Syllabus Chemistry

    Let us look at the syllabus of the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Term 2:

    S. No Title No. of Periods Marks
    1 Electrochemistry 7 13
    2 Chemical Kinetics 5
    3 Surface Chemistry 5
    4 d -and f -Block Elements 7 9
    5 Coordination Compounds 8
    6 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 10 13
    7 Amines 7
    Total 49 35

    The following tabulation provides information about the Chemistry Practical examination done at the laboratory:

    Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks for Term 2
    Volumetric Analysis 04
    Salt Analysis 04
    Content-Based Experiment 02
    Project Work and Viva 05
    Class record and Viva –
    Total 15

    Electrochemistry: Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis.

    Also See: CBSE 12th Chemistry Syllabus & Chapter-wise Weightage for Term 2 exam 

    Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations, and half-life (only for zero and first-order reactions).

    Surface Chemistry: Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, colloidal state: the distinction between true solutions, colloids, and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular, and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation.

    d-and f-Block Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionisation enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

    Coordination Compounds: Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT.

    Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

    Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

    Amines: Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    Term 2 Practical: Practical exam of 15 marks will be conducted under the invigilation of external examiners appointed by the Centre Board. This would contribute to the overall practical scores for the exam.

    Important Topics

    Electrochemistry:

    • Nernst equation and its applications
    • Conductance in the electrolytic solution
    • Kohlrausch’s law
    Chemical kinetics:

    • Order of reaction 
    • Integrated rate equation and half-life
    • Zero and first-order graphs
    Surface chemistry:

    • Freundlich adsorption isotherm
    • Types of colloid
    • Hardy- Schulze rule
    D and f block elements:

    • Properties of transition elements
    • Lanthanoid contraction
    Coordination compounds:

    • IUPAC Nomenclature 
    • Valence bond theory
    • Crystal field theory
    Aldehydes, Ketones, and carboxylic acids:

    • IUPAC Nomenclature
    • Name reactions (Cannizzaro, Aldol, Wolff Kishner, Clemmensen)
    • Chemical tests (Tollen’s, Idoform, Fehling’s)
    Amines:

    • IUPAC Nomenclature
    • Basic characteristics of Amines
    • Chemical reactions (Hoffmann bromamide, Carbylamine)

    10 Most Important Questions

    The below-mentioned are some of the most common questions asked in past years’ question papers:

    1. Can the absolute electrode potential of an electrode be measured?
    2. Define the terms specific conductance, molar conductance, and equivalent conductance. Derive the relationship between molar conductance and equivalent conductance.
    3. In a reaction, if the concentration of reactant A is tripled, the rate of reaction becomes twenty-seven times. What is the order of the reaction?
    4. With the help of an example explain what is meant by pseudo-first-order reaction
    5. What is the role of adsorption in the froth floatation process used, especially for the concentration of sulphide ores?
    6. What is the role of adsorption in heterogeneous catalysis?
    7. Why does copper not replace hydrogen from acids?
    8. A coordination compound Cr Cl, 4 H2 O precipitates silver chloride when treated with silver nitrate. The molar conductance of its solution corresponds to a total of two ions. Write the structural formula of the compound and name it.
    9. Can Gattermann-Koch reaction be considered similar to Friedel Craft’s acylation? Discuss.
    10. What is the structure and IUPAC name of the compound, allylamine?

    CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Syllabus Biology

    Let us look at the syllabus of the CBSE Class 12 Biology Term 2:

    Units Term 2 Marks
    VIII Biology and Human Welfare: Chapter 8 and 10 14
    IX Biotechnology and its Applications: Chapter 11 and 12 11
    X Ecology and Environment: Chapter 13 and 15 10
    Practical Term – II 15

    Unit VIII: Biology and Human Welfare

    Chapter 8 – Human Health and Diseases: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.

    Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare: Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

    Also See: CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Biology Syllabus, Chapter-Wise Weightage

    Unit IX: Biotechnology and its Applications

    Chapter 11 – Biotechnology – Principles and Processes: Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

    Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and its Application: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

    Unit X: Ecology and Environment

    Chapter 13 – Organisms and Populations: Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

    Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and its Conservation: Biodiversity – Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

    List of Experiments

    1. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
    2. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism
    3. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.

    Study/Observation of the Following (Spotting)

    1. Common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus causing ringworm through permanent slides, models, or virtual images. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
    2. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) were found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.
    3. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) were found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

    Important Topics

    The following are the important topics of Class 12 Biology Term 2

    Chapter 8 & 10 – Biology and Human Welfare:

    • Life cycle of Plasmodium
    • AIDS and drug abuse
    • Causative agents of different diseases and their mode of transmission
    • Inbreeding and outbreeding
    • Microbes and their products
    • Single-cell protein

    Chapter 11 & 12 – Biotechnology and its Applications:

    • Restriction enzymes
    • Transformation processes
    • Cloning vectors
    • Bt crops
    • Gene therapy
    • RNA interference
    • Genetically engineered insulin

    Chapter 13 & 15 – Ecology and Environment:

    • Population interactions
    • Causes of biodiversity losses
    • Pyramids of number, energy, and biomass
    • Biomagnification

    Most important questions

    1. State with examples of why a few pathogens are organ/tissue-specific.
    2. What is the role of microbes in reducing environmental degradation caused by chemicals?
    3. How can microbes be used to decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides?
    4. What is Biotechnology?
    5. What is a bioreactor? Explain different types of bioreactors.
    6. Explain five areas where biotechnology has influenced human lives.
    7. How was insulin obtained before the advent of recombinant DNA technology?
    8. Define a tree line.
    9. What do you mean by ‘Frugivorous’?
    10. How can the loss of biodiversity be prevented?

    CBSE Class 12 Term 2 English Syllabus

    Let us look at the syllabus of the CBSE Class 12 English Term 2

    Reading Comprehension: (Two Passages)

    • Unseen passage (factual, descriptive or literary/ discursive or persuasive)
    • Case-Based Unseen (Factual) Passage
    14 

    (8+6 Marks)

    Creative Writing Skills:

    Short Writing Tasks

    • Formal & Informal Invitation Cards or the Replies to Invitation/s

    Long Writing Tasks (1)

    • Letter of Application for a Job
    • Report Writing
    08

    (3 + 5 Marks)

    Literature:

    Questions based on extracts/texts to assess comprehension and appreciation, analysis, inference, extrapolation

    18 Marks

    (11 Marks for Flamingo + 7 Marks for Vistas)

    Book-Flamingo (Prose)

    • The Rattrap
    • Indigo
    Book-Flamingo (Poetry)

    • A Thing of Beauty
    • Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
    Book-Vistas (Prose)

    • Should Wizard Hit Mommy?
    • On the Face of It
    • Evans Tries an O Level
    Total 40
    ASL 10
    Grand Total 50

    Important Questions

    1. Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle?
    2. Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?
    3. How was Gandhi able to influence the lawyers at Champaran?
    4. What made Gandhiji demand 50% refund from the British landlords?
    5. How did the wizard help Roger Skunk?
    6. What consolation did people give when they saw his acid burnt face?
    7. What were the contents of the small brown suitcase that McLeery carried?
    8. Describe the tigers created by Aunt Jennifer.
    9. What image does Keats use to describe the beautiful bounty of the earth?
    10. How does Jo want the story to end?

    Also See: How to prepare for cbse class 12 term 2 exam

    Best Books for All the Subjects of CBSE Class 12

    Usually, NCERT textbooks are the most widely used due to their simplicity in explaining complex concepts. However, the students should also follow other books which are mentioned below, to gain more knowledge on each subject:

    Subject Best Books For Class 12 (excluding NCERT)
    English CBSE Chapter Wise/Topic Wise Question Bank, Oswaal Publications
    Maths Senior secondary school maths – Class 12, R S Aggarwal
    NCERT Exemplar Mathematics
    Mathematics Class XII (Set of 2 volumes), R D Sharma
    Physics Concepts of Physics, HC Verma
    NCERT Exemplar Physics
    Objective Physics, D.C. Pandey
    Fundamentals of Physics, Halliday, Resnick and Walker
    Chemistry ABC of Chemistry, Modern Publications
    NCERT Exemplar, Chemistry
    Physical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, O.P. Tandon
    Dinesh Chemistry, Dinesh
    Biology Elementary Biology Volume 1 & 2, Trueman
    Objective Biology, Dinesh
    MTG’s Objective NCERT at your fingertips, MTG

    Also See: Best Books for CBSE Class 12 term 2 Exam

    CBSE Class 12 Preparation Tips to Secure Maximum Marks

    The students should have a clear idea of what to do in the examination. So the below-given are some of the tricks and tips for students:

    • Consistent practice is the key to success
    • Giving priority to important topics would help students obtain maximum marks
    • The students must be familiar with the exam pattern and practise as many sample questions as possible.
    • Timely schedule on what and when to study each topic plays a vital role.

    Also See: CBSE Class 12 Exam Preparation tips

    Conclusion

    To conclude, the students are educated on everything from start to finish, for every subject. Starting with understanding the syllabus and then knowing what the topics present in that, along with learning the most important concepts and the important questions which are asked in the examinations are, all these are taught in this article. 

    FAQs about CBSE Class 12 Exam Preparation tips

    Is the board exam based on sample papers?

    The sample papers are provided at least one to two months before the actual examination. They are made with the guidance of highly qualified examiners. The sample papers give an overall idea of what to expect in the main exam.

    Can we use highlighters in the board exam?

    Highlighting is allowed in the main examination. The students can use colour pens to highlight whatever they feel is important. Highlighting will help catch the examiner's attention and will create a good first impression.

    Is CBSE Term 2 subjective?

    Compared to Term 1, the Term 2 exams will contain more subjective-type questions. So, the students are advised to prepare accordingly.

    What is the difference between Term 1 and Term 2 in CBSE Class 12?

    The whole examination is split into two halves to make it easier for the students to concentrate on particular topics at a particular time, eliminating too much stress and pressure. Moreover, term 1 will probably contain the first half chapters of the subject, whereas term 2 will contain the second half.

    What are the important factors the students should consider to score maximum marks?

    The students should follow these tips to obtain good marks in their examinations:
    They should know how to manage time.
    Regular practice will help students get to know the concepts.
    The students should filter topics based on difficulty level and then study them, saving them a tremendous amount of time.

    Tags: CBSECBSE board exams 2022CBSE Class 12CBSE Class 12 syllabusCBSE Class 12 Term 2 Exam
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    Important Topics

    Accuracy Precision and Error in Measurement Ampere Amplitude Modulation
    Anemometer : Measurement of Wind Speed Angular Acceleration Atomic Theory
    Audible and Inaudible Sound Average Speed and Average Velocity Average Velocity
    Avogadros Number Avogadros Hypothesis Azimuthal Quantum Number
    Balanced Force Bar Magnet Biconvex Lens
    Boyles Law Buoyancy Calorimeter
    Carnot Engine Celestial Bodies Centripetal And Centrifugal Force
    Concave and Convex Lenses Concave Convex Mirrors Contact and Non Contact Force
    Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Convection Currents Convex Lens
    Convex Mirror Destructive Interference Difference Between Conduction Convection and Radiation
    Difference Between Electric Field and Magnetic Field Difference Between Heat And Temperature Difference Between Series And Parallel Circuits
    Differences Between Acceleration And Velocity Distance and Displacement Distance Time Graph
    Electrical Force : Electric Forces and Their Types Electromagnetic Waves : Definition, Equation and Properties of Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetism
    Electron Spin Fluid Flow : Bernoullis Equation Derivation and Fluid Mechanics Fluid Friction : Types and Factors of Fluid Friction
    Frames of Reference : Inertial and Non- Inertial Frame of Reference Frequency and Wavelength Frictional Force
    Importance of Hydrosphere Instantaneous Speed and Velocity Introduction to Motion
    Kinetic and Potential Energy Difference Law Of Conservation of Energy Layers of the Earth
    Light Energy Light Sources List of physics scientists and Their inventions
    Loudness of Sound Magnetic Dipole Moment Magnetic Field
    Non - Contact Force Non - Renewable Energy Ohms Law
    Optics P Wave Physics Symbols
    Plane Mirrors Poissons Ratio Projectile Motion
    Properties of Water : Anomalous Expansion of Water Radius of Gyration Reflection of Light
    Reflection of Waves Relative Density Resonance
    Reverberation Rolling Friction Rotation and Revolution
    Screw Gauge Semiconductors and Insulators Sliding Friction
    Speed Time Graphs Static Friction Stefan Boltzmann Law
    Stress Tension Tension Force
    Thermometer: Clinical Laboratory Thermometer Types of Rocks Types of Waves
    Uniform Motion and Non Uniform Motion Unit of Voltage Uses of Convex Lens
    Uses Of Convex Mirror Uses of Electromagnet Uses of Optical Fibre
    Wave Wavelength of Light What is Scattering of Light
    Working of Electric Bell Conventional and Non-conventional Sources of Energy Buoyant Force
    Bulk Modulus of Elasticity Bernoulli’s Principle Angular Momentum
    Difference Between Speed And Velocity Force Unit of Heat
    Difference between Distance and Displacement Simple Microscope Derivation Of Equation Of Motion
    Thermometer: Clinical & Laboratory Thermometer Difference between Concave and Convex Lens Derivation Of Lens Maker Formula
    Unit Of Pressure Velocity Uses of Plane Mirror
    Wave Theory of Light Unit of Density Unit of Light
    Unit of Force Unit of Magnetic Field Unit of wavelength
    Unit of Viscosity Uses of Electroplating Young's Modulus
    What is the Scattering of Light Lenz Law Space Wave Propagation
    Schrodinger Wave Equation Relation between Fahrenheit and Celsius Refractive Index
    Potentiometer Working Pascal Law Oscillatory Motion
    Optical Instruments Newton's Laws of Motion - First Law Modulation and Demodulation
    Magnetic Flux Lens Formula and Magnification Kaleidoscope
    Faradays Law Epsilon Naught Value Energy Bands
    Electrostatics Electroscope AC Generator
    Unit of Current Lithosphere Bending Equation Derivation
    Difference Between Pound and Kilogram Semiconductor Devices OTEC - Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
    Hall Effect Rectilinear Propagation of Light Difference Between Ammeter and Voltmeter
    Coefficient of Linear Expansion Ampere’s Law Cyclone and Thunderstorm
    Save The Environment From Pollution Particle Nature of Light Types of DC Motor
    Uses Of Transistor Derivation of Phase Rule Unit of Humidity
    Difference between Land Breeze and Sea Breeze Relation Between Critical Angle And Refractive Index Derivation of Escape Velocity
    Unit of Speed Elastic Collision Linear Velocity
    Reversible and Irreversible Processes Relation Between Density And Volume Relation Between Group Velocity And Phase Velocity
    Thermal Stress Mirrors Conversion of Units
    Modulation Unit of Weight Stokes Law Derivation
    Kirchhoff’s Second Law Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator Quark
    Difference Between Discovery and Invention Nuclear Fission Ultrasound
    Principle Of Calorimetry Differences Between Magma and Lava Types Of Wind
    Difference Between Work and Energy Schottky Diode Kinetic Theory Of Gases
    Thermal Properties of Materials Relation Between Kinetic Energy And Momentum Work Done By A Variable Force
    Solenoid and Toroid Difference between Light Microscope and Electron Microscope Doppler Effect Derivation
    Determine Refractive Index of a Glass Slab using a Travelling Microscope Relation between Torque and Speed Current Density
    Electric Displacement Impending Motion Latent Heat of Water
    Infrared Radiation Vector Product Of Two Vectors Alpha Decay1
    Centripetal Acceleration Newton's Third Law Of Motion Biogas Energy
    Tracing the Path of a Ray of Light Passing Through a Rectangular Glass Slab Unit of Conductivity Pulley
    Resistor LCR Circuit Difference Between Force and Pressure
    Viscosity Einstein's Explanationx Sea Breeze and Land Breeze
    Types of Lever Permeability Adiabatic Process
    Fleming's Left Hand Rule And Right Hand Rule Spherical Mirrors Heat Transfer By Convection
    Stress and Strain Displacement Current Unit of Electric Field
    Electromagnetic Induction Diode Critical Velocity
    Carbon Resistor Electric Charge Derivation of Continuity Equation
    Mach Number Coherent Sources Rigid Bodies
    Resolving Power of a Microscope and Telescope Angular Displacement Unit of Momentum
    Chandrasekhar Limit Difference Between Real Image and Virtual Image Electromagnets
    Viscosity Einstein's Explanationx Sea Breeze and Land Breeze
    Kinetic Energy Van De Graaff Generator Derivation of Kinetic Energy Formula
    Kinetics and Kinematics Frequency, Time period and Angular frequency Unit of Torque
    Capacitance Difference Between AM and FM Boltzmann’s Constant
    Planck’s Constant Laws of Reflection Drift Velocity
    Malthusian Theory of Population Stars Planets and their Difference Tensile Stress
    Joule-Thomson Effect Stefan Boltzmann Constant Compressive Stress
    Wave Function Difference Between Density and Specific Gravity Energy Stored in a Capacitor
    Determine Radius of Curvature of a Given Spherical Surface by a Spherometer Uniformly Accelerated Motion Conservative Force
    Biot Savart Law Deuteron Mass Power
    Power of a Lens Refraction and Dispersion of Light Sphygmomanometer
    Uniform Circular Motion Unit of Distance Unit of Energy
    Uses of Rectifier Unit of Inductance Law Equipartition Energy
    Periodic Motion Determination of Focal Length of Concave Mirror and Convex Mirror Optical Density
    Characteristics of a Transistor Scintillation Counter Difference Between Earthing And Grounding
    White Light Optical Fiber Relative Speed
    Unit of Work Coefficient of Viscosity Neutrons, Isotopes, Isotones And Isobars
    Electric Circuit Difference Between Scalar and Vector Difference Between Two Stroke and Four Stroke Engines
    Unit of Velocity Zener Diode Gamma Rays - Electromagnetic Spectrum
    Permittivity and Permeability Tidal Energy Difference Between Resistance and Resistivity
    Uses of Vernier Calipers Human Eye Function Shearing Stress
    Value of Gravitational Constant Value of Electron Difference Between LCD and LED
    Pinhole Camera Single Slit Diffraction Difference Between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching
    Wheatstone Bridge Unit of Resistance Banking of Road
    Scalar and vector Density of Water Cyclotron
    Unit of Specific Resistance Types of Cables Modern Physics
    Uses of Concave Mirror Magnetic Moment Law of Conservation of Momentum Derivation
    Magnet Rectilinear Motion of Particles Difference Between Mass and Weight
    Archimedes Principle Refraction of Light Types of Motors
    Types of Gears Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Cell Escape Velocity and Orbital velocity
    Natural Sources of Energy Difference Between Frequency Modulation and Amplitude Modulation Fick’s Law of Diffusion
    Faraday Electromagnetic Induction Experiment Prism Dispersion Continuous Charge Distribution
    Capacitor Types Geothermal Energy Force and Momentum
    Resistors in Series and Parallel Configuration Work and Power Raman Effect
    Difference Between Asteroid and Comet Thermal Energy Storage Types of Connectors
    Hydroelectricity and Hydropower Plant Conduction of Electricity in Liquids Linear Accelerator
    Maxwell's Relations AC Voltage Resistor Law of Conservation of Charge
    Kinetic Theory of Gases Assumptions Reflection of Light Image Centre of mass of continuous mass distribution
    Speed Velocity Motion Parameters
    Acceleration Derivation of equations of motion Vernier Caliper
    Position Time and  Velocity time graphs Motion Under Gravity Classification of animals based on levels of organisation
    Tension Screw Gauge Scalar and Vector
    Types of Vector Beats Force its unit and dimension
    Newtons First Law Of Motion Newtons second law of motion Linear Momentum
    Kinetic Friction Vector Subtraction Lamis Theorm
    Vector Addition Parallax Method Rule for Significant Figure
    Power Dimension Dimensional Analysis
    Difference between heat and temperature Measurement of Temperature Centre of mass of solid hollow sphere hemisphere
    Work Energy Theorem Potential Energy Application of Newtons second law of motion
    Newton Third Law of Motion Conservation of Mechanical Energy Free Body Diagram
    Resultant Force Vertical Circular Motion Work Done
    Coulombs Law Electric Dipole Stress
    Normal Stress and Types Moment of Inertia Waves
    Transverse Wave Connected Motion Longitudinal Strain
    Radiation Young's Modulus Convection
    Dipole Electric Field Static Friction Nuclear Fission
    Pseudo Force Nuclear Fusion Beta Decay
    Nuclear Force Alpha Decay Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
    Lamis Theorem Velocity and Acceleration Time Graph Moment of Inertia of Rigid Bodies
    Gauss’s Law Periodic and Oscillatory Motion Newton's Law of Cooling
    Perpendicular & Parallel Axis Theorem Friction On Inclined Plane Kirchhoff's Law
    Shear Strain Gamma Decay Charge Contained Symmetrical Objects
    Parallel and Perpendicular Mirrors Photoelectric Effect Transformer
    Density Surface Tension Angle of Contact
    Longitudinal Wave Heat Capacity Centre of Gravity
    Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets Torque Einstein's Photoelectric Equation
    Progressive Wave Inclined Plane Mirrors Types of Transformers
    Velocity of Image in Plane Mirror Concave Lens Eye and its Defects
    Fluid Atmospheric and Gauge Pressure Excess Pressure Inside Bubble and Drop
    Capillarity Sound Wave Pascal's Law
    Stress Strain Curve Compound Microscope Telescopes
    Power in AC Circuit Impedance in Series LCR Circuit Mean and RMS Value
    Mirror Formula Alternating Current Magnification in Spherical Mirror
    Cells Power of Mirror and Lens Resistor Color Code
    Kirchhoff's Rule Conversion of Galvanometer to Ammeter X-rays Production
    Properties of X-Rays Continuous X-ray Thermal Expansion
    Hysteresis Curve Angular Impulse Interference of Sound
    Simple Pendulum Simple Harmonic Motion Voltmeter
    Ammeter Wheatstone Bridge Meter Bridge
    Prism Superposition of Waves Interference of Waves
    Resolution of Vectors Thermal Stress and Strain Velocity and Acceleration
    Scalar Product Vector Product Torsional Pendulum
    Combination of Resistors Electroplating Uses Scope and Excitement of Physics
    Conduction What is Science Speed of Traveling Wave
    Distance Formula Kinematics of Circular Motion Non Uniform Motion
    Gamma Rays Radio Waves Displacement
    Electromagnetic Spectrum Maxwell’s Equations  
    118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers Acetone Acid And Base Difference
    Acids Bases and Salts Actinides Addition Reaction
    Adsorption Chromatography Aldol Condensation Alkali Metals
    Ammonium Chloride Applications of Redox Reactions Argon
    Arrhenius Equation Rate Constant And Temperature Atomic Number Mass Number Aufbau Principle
    Aufbau Principle, Paulis Exclusion Principle and Hands Rule Bakelite: Structure and Uses Benzene Reactions
    Benzoic Acid - Structure and Properties Biodegradable and Non Biodegradable Calcium Oxide
    Cathode Ray Experiment Charles Law Chemical And Its Composition
    Chemical Formula of Common Compounds Classification Of Carbohydrates and Its Structure Classification of Organic Compounds
    Coefficient of Viscosity - Definition, Formula and Example Colligative Properties beRelative Lowering of Vapour Pressure Colloidal Solution
    Components of Air Condensation Conformation
    Cracking Meaning Crystallization Decantation
    Decomposition Reaction Dehydration of Alcohols Difference Between Alkali and Base
    Difference Between Atom And Ion Difference Between Atom and Molecule Difference Between CNG and LPG
    Difference between Compound and Mixture Difference Between Element And Compound Difference Between Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
    Difference Between Mixture and Solution Difference Between Molecule and Compounds Difference Between Organic And Inorganic Compounds
    Difference between Physical and Chemical Change Difference between Vapor and Gas Disaccharides
    Discovery of Protons and Neutrons Distillation Effects of Burning Fossil Fuels
    Electromeric Effect Electron Configuration Electronic Configuration of First 30 Elements
    Electronic Configuration of Iron Electroplating Process Endothermic Reaction
    Enthalpy Change Enzyme Catalysis Ester
    Ester Hydrolysis Ethanoic Acid Exothermic Reaction
    Filtration Fuel Types Functions of Nucleic Acids
    Glycerin Glycine Structure Glycogen
    Gravimetric Analysis Group 17 Trends Properties Heat Capacity Cp Cv Relation
    Heavy Water Homogeneous Mixture and Heterogeneous Mixture Hunds Rule
    Hybridization Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide
    Introduction: Importance of Forest IR Spectroscopy Iron
    Krypton Lewis Dot Structures Metallic Bonds
    Metals and Nonmetals Methanol Mineral Resources
    Mixtures Modern Periodic Table and Its Significance Mole Concept
    Monosaccharides NaHCO3 Natural Polymers
    Neutralization Reaction Non Metals Oxalic Acid
    Oxygen Periodic Table Elements Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements
    Pesticides Phenol Preparation Phosphoric Acid
    Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Physical And Chemical Properties of Water Physical Change and Chemical Change
    Polarity Polymers Uses Polyvinyl Alcohol
    Positron Potassium Potassium Dichromate - Formula, Properties and Uses
    Potassium Permanganate Precipitation Reaction Preparation of Benzene
    Preparation Properties and uses of Sodium Chloride Properties of Boron Family Properties of Solution
    Redox Titration Relation Between Normality And Molarity Rusting Iron Prevention
    Rutherford Atomic Model Rutherford Atomic Model Shapes of Molecules Vsepr Theory
    Shapes of Orbitals Sieving SilkWorm - Life Cycle of Silkworm, Diagram
    Silver Nitrate Soaps And Detergents Sodium Hydroxide
    Structure of Benzene Sublimation Synthetic Fibres And Natural Fibres
    Synthetic Polymers Tollens Test Toluene
    Transition Metals Tyndall Effect Types of Organic Reactions
    Types of Solutions Types of Titration - Acid Base Titration Unsaturated Solutions
    Ununoctium Ununpentium Uses of Acetone
    Uses of Air Uses of Bauxite Uses of Carboxylic Acid
    Uses of Coal Uses of Ethers Health In Care Industry Uses of Formaldehyde
    Uses of Graphite Uses of Methanol and Ethanol Uses of Minerals
    Uses Of Nitric Acid Uses of Phenol Uses of Propanol
    Uses of Sulfuric Acid Uses of Water Valence Bond Theory
    Volumetric Analysis Waste Water Cycle Process
    What is Dipole Moment? What is Eutrophication? What is Metallurgy?
    Wurtz Reaction Mohr’s Salt Titration with KMnO4 Gattermann Reaction
    Benzene Brown Ring Test Calcium Carbonate
    Cotton and its Various Uses Difference between Petrol and Diesel Engine Difference between Sigma and Pi Bond
    Element-Manganese (Mn) Friedel Crafts Reaction Hofmann Elimination
    Isomerism Laws of Chemical Combination Mannich Reaction
    Methods of separation Molisch’s Test Name Reactions
    NMR Spectroscopy Non – Aqueous Titration Ozonolysis Mechanism – Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Alkynes
    Periodic Classification of Elements Pinacol Pinacolone Rearrangement Planck’s Quantum Theory
    Pseudo First Order Reaction Rosenmund Reduction Mechanism Salt Analysis
    Saponification Science in Everyday life and Its Importance Sericulture: Rearing of Silkworm to Produce Silk
    Spectrophotometer Principle Zone Refining  
    Reactivity Series Difference between isotropic and anisotropic Introduction to p-Block elements
    Plant fibres Inert Gases: Uses Benzoin Condensation
    Difference between primary cell and secondary cell Partition Chromatography Applications of colloids
    Displacement Reactions Handpicking Biogas: Uses of Biogas
    Acid Rain Types of Chemical Reactions SN2 Reaction Mechanism
    Complexometric Titration markovnikov rule Kohlrausch Law
    Electrode Valency Chart Order of Reaction
    Band Theory Difference Between Rusting and Corrosion Potentiometric Titration
    Frenkel Defect Deforestation Stephen Reaction Mechanism
    Gattermann – Koch Reaction Mechanism Electronegativity Industrial Waste: Types
    Ethylene Charge to Mass Ratio of an Electron Fehling Solution
    Photochemical Reactions Difference Between Endpoint and Equivalence Point Second Order Reaction
    Etard Reaction Forms of water Preparation of Acetanilide
    Metallic Minerals and Non-Metallic Minerals Ferric Chloride Henry's Law
    Preparation of Mohr's salt Schottky Defect Claisen rearrangement
    Calcium sulphate Sodium carbonate Rubber
    Ethyl acetate Conductometric Titration Resorcinol
    Difference Between Evaporation and Condensation States of Matter Boric Acid
    Types of Minerals Finkelstein Reaction Electronegativity Chart
    Difference between Solid, Liquid and Gas in tabular form Aromaticity Drawbacks of Rutherford's Atomic Model
    Thermosetting Polymers Preparation of Alkanes Examples of Bases
    Suzuki Coupling Reaction Standard Electrode Potential Disadvantages of Plastics
    Reducing Agent Van't Hoff Factor Hard Water and Soft Water
    Organometallic compounds Gay Lussac's Law Slaked Lime
    Borax Tetravalency of Carbon Boyle's Law
    Ellingham Diagram Crystal Defects : Point Defects HVZ Reaction (Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction)
    Classification of Drugs Preparation of Sulfuric Acid Lucas test
    Xenon Difluoride Bravais Lattice Classification of Oxides
    Elimination Reaction preparation of polythene, Teflon and polyacrylonitrile Difference between cations and anions
    Uses of Limestone Fructose Azeotropes
    Lewis Acid and Base Emulsification Dielectric properties of solids
    Zwitterion Birch Reduction Mechanism Oxidation and Reduction
    Electrophilic Substitution Reaction Suspensions Aromatic Compounds
    Ores and Minerals Adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis Wittig Reaction
    Difference between evaporation and boiling Intensive And Extensive Properties Of Matter Electronic Configuration of Group 16 Elements
    Difference Between Elements and Atoms Sodium Oxide Gypsum
    Difference Between Alloy and Composite Chemical Equations Thorium
    Lead Acid Battery Isotopes of Hydrogen Significant Figure Rules
    Electrophilic Addition Reactions Of Alkenes Isothermal Expansion of an Ideal Gas Potassium Chloride - KCl
    Aluminum Oxide Difference Between Acetic Acid and Glacial Acetic Acid Difference Between Polar and Nonpolar
    Difference Between Baking Powder and Baking Soda Test for Phenolic group To prepare colloidal solution of starch
    Uses of Mica Pi Bonds Potassium Chlorate
    Schmidt Reaction High density Polyethylene Huckel's Rule
    Discovery of Proton Aluminium Ore: Extraction of Aluminium Benzene Hexachloride
    Caustic Potash or Potasium Hydroxide Electromagnetic Radiation - Wave Nature Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes and Isobars
    Preparation of Potash Alum Beckmann Rearrangement Heterogeneous Equilibrium
    Butane Factors Affecting Electrolytic Conductance Scandium
    Homogeneous Equilibrium Phenols Nomenclcature Galvanic Corrosion
    Chlorine Trifluoride Robinson Annulation Copper
    Pyridine Silver Carbonate Harmful Effects of Radiation
    Water Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Rules for filling Electrons in Orbitals
    Purification of Colloids Instantaneous and Average Rate of Reaction Density
    Hydrogen Hydrogen Peroxide Strength of Solution
    Chromatography Phosphorus Phosphorus Halides
    Hydrogen Glucose Electrolysis
    Discovery of Electron Catalysis Receptors as Drug Target
    Nutrition Respiration & Reproduction in Eubacteria Charge of Electron Osmosis
    Acidic Buffer Solution Basic Buffer Solution Covalent Bond
    Voids    
    Additive and Multiplicative Identity Adjacent and Vertical Angles Algebra Symbols
    Area Of Hemisphere Area Of Hollow Cylinder Area of Pentagon
    Area of Rectangle Bodmas Rule Branches of Mathematics
    Chance and Probability Circumference of a Circle Congruence Of Triangles
    Construction of Angles Cuboid and Cube Decimals In Daily Life
    Divisibility Rules Dot Product of Two Vectors Empirical Probability
    Equivalent Fractions Even Odd Prime Composite Numbers Frequency Polygons
    Geometric Tools Integers Lines
    Maths Project Number System Numeral System
    Odd Numbers Perfect Cube Of Numbers Perfect Numbers
    Perpendicular Bisector Precision Prime Factorization of Hcf And Lcm
    Prime Numbers Probability and Statistics Symbols Quadrilateral
    Reflection Symmetry Roman Numerals Set Theory Symbols
    Surface Area and Volume Three Dimensional Shapes Triangular Numbers
    Trigonometry Trigonometry Table Two Lines Symmetry
    Types of Angles Value of Pi Variables And Constants In Algebraic Expressions
    Z Score Table Addition Table Algebraic Expression
    Algebraic Identities Apollonius Theorem Applications of Trigonometry
    Area of a Sphere Area of Equilateral Triangle Area of Isosceles Triangle
    Area of Quadrilateral Area of Trapezium Area of Triangle
    Area Segment Circle Ascending Order Average and Mean
    Basic Proportionality Theorem Bisection Method Centroid
    Circumcenter of a Triangle Cm to inch converter Co-Prime Numbers
    Compound Interest Coordinate Geometry Correlation
    Cos 30 Degrees Cube Cylinder
    Difference Between Fraction And Rational Numbers Difference Between Percentage and Percentile Differential Equations
    Differentiation Formulas Even Numbers Factorisation
    Frequency Distribution Table Statistics Graphical Representation HCF and LCM
    Height and Distance Horizontal Line How to Find the Percentage of Marks?
    Math Tricks Maths Equations Mensuration
    Obtuse Angled Triangle Odd Numbers Onto Function
    Pentagon Pentagonal Prism Perimeter of Square
    Perimeter of Triangle Probability Profit and Loss
    Properties of a Triangle Properties of Isosceles Triangle Rational Numbers
    Rational Numbers and Their Properties Real Number Relation between Mean, Median and Mode
    Rhombus Rotation Semicircle
    Sin 30 Degrees Solving Linear Equations Square Root
    Statistics Supplementary Angles Surface Area of a Hemisphere
    Surface Area of a Sphere Surface Areas and Volume Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrix
    Tables of 2 to 30 The volume of a Cylinder Trapezium
    Triangular Prism Trigonometric Ratios Types of Triangles
    Types of Vectors Value of Log Infinity Value of Root 3
    Value of Root 5 Vertical Line Volume of a Cube
    Volume of Hemisphere Whole numbers Algebraic Identities
    Differentiation and Integration Greater Than and Less Than Symbols Laplace Transform
    Linear Graph Trigonometric Ratios Orthocenter
    Orthogonal Matrix Square Root from 1 to 25 Log 0 Value
    Altitude of a Triangle Binary Subtraction Cayley Hamilton Theorem
    Diagonal Matrix Difference Between Constants and Variables Difference Between Linear and Nonlinear Equations
    Geometric Progression Sum of GP Like Fractions Unlike Fractions Difference between Place Value and Face Value
    Sin 60 Degrees Singular Matrix Value of Cos 120
    Antilog Table Consistent And Inconsistent Systems Cube Root of Unity
    Direct and Inverse Proportion Euclid Division Lemma Extrapolation
    Frustum of Cone Greater Than Symbol Elementary Transformation of Matrix
    Integration Limits and Derivatives Methods of Integration
    Polynomial Rational Numbers Between Two Rational Numbers Relations and Functions
    Relation and Its Types Right Circular Cone Sequence and Series
    Square Root Of 4 Square Root Of 5 Square Root Of 7
    Statements in Mathematical Reasoning Trapezoids Binary Multiplication
    Definite Integral Square Root of 1 Value of sin 15
    Continuity and Differentiability Axiomatic Definition of Probability Area Of Quadrant
    Rectangle Operations on Rational Numbers Pascals Triangle
    Acute Angled Triangle Angle of Elevation Angle Sum Property of a Triangle
    Tables of 2 to 30 The volume of a Cylinder Trapezium
    Area of a Scalene Triangle Centroid of a Triangle Heptagon
    Octagon Permutation and Combination Scalene Triangle
    Similar Triangles Surface Area of Cube Surface Area of Cylinder
    Volume of Cone Volume of Cuboid Value of Log 1
    Decimal Number System Conversion of Units What is Proper Fraction?
    Rolle's Theorem Vertical Angles Trigonometry Values
    Sec 0 Greatest Integer Function Mean Deviation & Frequency Distribution
    Concentric Circles Symmetry Variance
    Laws of Exponents Length of Tangent Alternative Hypothesis
    Control Charts Straight Angle LCM Of Two Numbers
    Bivariate Analysis Surds Square Root of 10
    Cos 90 Value Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers Decimal to Binary
    Difference Between Square & Rhombus Symmetric Matrix Relation Between Inch and cm
    Sin 45 Value Divisibility Rules For 13 Profit and Loss Percentage
    Linear Pair Of Angles Line Segment Rational and Irrational Numbers
    Euclid Geometry Sec 30 Complimentary and Suplementary Angles
    Square root and Cube Root LCM Nature of Roots of a Quadratic Equation
    Vertices, Faces and Edges Quadrilateral Angle Sum Property Geometry Symbols
    Isosceles Triangle Numbers in Words Angle Between Two Planes
    Complex Numbers Addition and Subtraction of Integers Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers
    Is 91 a Prime Number? Difference Between Cube and Cuboid Distributive Property
    Difference Between Rhombus and Parallelogram Skip Counting Trigonometry Functions of Sum and Difference of Angles
    Logarithm Table Vector And Scalar Quantities Data Organization
    PEMDAS Secant of a Circle Vector Space
    Angle Bisector Theorem Mutually Exclusive Events Statistical Inference
    Difference Between Area and Volume How to Find Prime Numbers? 3D Shapes
    Division of Line Segment Binary Addition Ordinate
    Line Graph Boolean Algebra Latus Rectum of Conic Section
    Differential Equation And It's Types Involute Similarity of Triangles
    Simple Equations Application Types of Polygon Equation of A Circle
    Law of Tangents Data Sets Binary to Octal Conversion
    Rational Numbers on a Number Line Cross Section Construction of Triangle
    Circles Factors of 36 Probability Distribution
    Difference Between Parametric and Non-Parametric Test Number Patterns Whole Numbers Parts of Circle
    Square Root of 9 Parallel Lines Oblique Sketch
    Direct Proportion Cosine Rules Construction of Quadrilaterals
    Right Circular Cylinder Hexadecimal number system Remainder Theorem
    Volume of a Prism Missing Numbers Sec 90
    Derivatives Multiple of 9 Metric System of Measurement
    Parallelogram, Trapezium and Kite Cumulative Frequency Distribution Ratio to Percentage
    Factors of 98 Total Probability Theorem Commutative Property
    Basic Set Theory Difference Between Area and Surface Area Identity Function
    Geometric Distribution Combination Sum of Squares
    Factors of 25 Triangle Inequality Complement of a Set
    Factor of 105 Arc Categorical Data
    Construction of a Rhombus Hexadecimal to Octal Conversion Decimal Expansion of Rational Numbers
    Distance Between Two Points Estimation of Numbers Multiplication Theorem of Probability
    Properties of Definite Integrals Right Angle Triangle Theorem Section Formula in 3 Dimension
    Solids Trigonometric Equations Variance and Standard Deviation
    Disjoint Set Application of Linear Equations Area and Perimeter
    Factors of 91 Concave Polygon Factors of 42
    General Equation of a Line Factors of 100 Factors of a Number
    Multiplicative Inverse Linear Differential Equations Inverse Cosine
    Comparing Quantities using Percentage Fractional Part Function Definition of Signum function
    Trigonometric Functions Ellipse Integration By Parts
    Sets Matrix Types of Sets
    Bijective Functions Algebra of Functions Composite Functions
    Binary Operations Domain Codomain & Range Functions Parametric Equation of a Circle
    Venn Diagram Tangent to a Circle Binomial Theorem
    L'Hospital Rule Relations Operation on Sets
    Particular Cases of a Circle Terms Related to an Ellipse Equality of Matrices
    Reflexive, Symmetric & Equivalence Relation Types of Functions Matrix Multiplication
    Tangents to an Ellipse Inverse Trigonometric Functions  
    Active Transport Adaptive radiation evolution Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
    Agricultural Implements Algae Alimentary Canal Anatomy
    Angiosperms And Gymnosperms Difference Animal Cell Apiculture Beekeeping
    Apoplast Asexual Reproduction Animals Autotrophic Nutrition
    Biodiversity Biotic and Abiotic Bryophyta
    Budding Camouflage Cattle Farming Animal Husbandry
    Cell Structure and Function Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Cells
    Chloroplasts Chromatin Classification of Animal Kingdom
    Composition of Lymph Conduction of Nerve Impulse Cyclic and Non Cyclic 
    Cyclic Photophosphorylation Cytoplasm Structure Function Difference Between Active and Passive Transport
    Difference Between Archaea And Bacteria Difference Between Blood And Lymphth Difference Between Cerebellum And Cerebrum
    Difference Between Chromosome And Chromatid Difference Between Diffusion and Osmosis Difference Between DNA and RNA
    Difference Between Haploid And Diploid Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell Difference between Renewable and Non Renewable Resources
    Difference Between Unicellular And Multicellular Organisms Difference Between Vertebrates and Invertebrates Difference between Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles
    Difference Between Xylem and Phloem Different Types Ecological Pyramids Diffusion - Means of Transport
    Disadvantages of Dams Ecology Endemic Species
    Endocrine System Ductless Glands Energy Flow In Ecosystem Excretion and Its Importance
    Food Production Food Web Fragmentation
    Gemmules Gibberellins Grassland Adaptations
    Guttation Gymnosperms Harmful Microorganisms
    Homeostasis Human Body Anatomy Human Heart
    Invertebrates Kingdom Monera Protista Fungi Law of Segregation and Law of Dominance
    Life process Light-dependent Reactions Lipids
    Living Things Macromolecule Meiosis 1 Stages and Process
    Mendelian Disorders Microbodies Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
    Monera Nephron Function Renal Tubules Nuclear Membrane
    Nucleolus Nucleus Our Environment
    Parasitism Parts of Plants Passive Transport
    Plant Cell Plant Kingdom Plantae Plant Respiration
    Plants Plastids Protista
    Red Data Book Reproductive System of Earthworm Ribosomes
    Scientific Names of Animals and Plants Seed germination Sensory Perception
    Snail Skeletal System Spermatogenesis Structure Of Eye
    Taxonomic Hierarchy Taxonomy Algae
    Thallophyte Types of Soil Vacuoles
    What Is Adaptation Agricultural Practices Animal Kingdom
    Alimentary Canal Coelenterata Conservation of Forest and Wildlife
    Difference between Endosmosis and Exosmosis Difference between Afforestation and Deforestation Difference between Algae and Fungi
    Difference between Cereals and Pulses Difference Between Fragmentation and Regeneration Difference Between Neurosis and Psychosis
    Difference Between Nucleotide and Nucleoside Difference Between Sea and Ocean Difference Between Turtles and Tortoises
    Difference Between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park Modes of Plant Reproduction Ecological Pyramid and Its Types
    Double Fertilization in Angiosperms Ecosystem Enzymes
    Fertilisation in Plants Five Kingdoms Classification Flower
    Ganongs Potometer Health and Hygiene Herbivores and Carnivores
    Heterotrophic Nutrition Human Digestive System Vertebrates and Invertebrates
    Morphology of Leaves Modifications of Root Phylum Aschelminthes
    Diffusion Osmosis Prokaryotic Cells
    Reproduction Flora And Fauna Overview of Food Chain
    Difference Between Rabi And Kharif Crops Vegetative Propagation Angiosperms Characteristics
    Soil Profile Types of Pollution Human Excretory System
    Sense Organs Rainwater Harvesting Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells
    Living And Non Living Things The Nucleus Irrigation
    Endoplasmic Reticulum Difference Between Data And Information Mitochondria
    Nitrogen Cycle Diagram of Animal Cell Meristematic Tissue
    Law of Segregation Law of Dominance Eukaryotic Cells Food Sources Animal Plant Products
    Photosynthesis Respiration Ozone Layer Depletion
    Kingdom Fungi Aerobic Anaerobic Respiration Cell Organelles
    Peristalsis Bacteria Oogenesis
    Leaves Morphology Types Modification Mitosis and Meiosis Dna Structure
    How Do Organisms Reproduce Diagram of Stomata Monohybrid Cross Inheritance One Gene
    Mechanism of Breathing Soil Erosion Plasmolysis
    Urine Formation Osmoregulation Porifera Flagella
    Amoeba Aerobic Respiration Pteridophyta
    Arteries And Veins Difference Reflex Action Stomata
    Cell Wall Diagram of Neuron A Guide To Composition And Function Of Lymph
    Difference Between Ligaments And Tendons Insectivorous Plants Nutrition Modes Living Organisms
    Mendel Laws Of Inheritance Nutrition In Amoeba Calorific Value
    Air Pollution Control Fertilization In Plants Life Processes
    Binary Fission Omnivores Saprophytes
    Asexual Reproduction Deficiency Diseases Light Reaction Vs Dark Reaction
    Global Warming Wildlife Sanctuary Viviparous Oviparous Embryo Development
    Glycolysis Food Preservation Methods Food Poisoning Crops
    Biofertilizers Biodiversity Conservation Difference Between Endocrine And Exocrine Glands
    Greenhouse Effect Gases Diagram Of Digestive System Crop Production And Management
    Types Of Pollination Introduction and Characteristics of Living Beings Meristematic Cells
    Taxonomical Aids _Flora, Manual, Monograph And Catalogues Types of leaves structure of skeletal muscle
    spirometry human respiratory system herbarium
    dinoflagellates general characters and structure of leaf halophiles and their features
    Exchange of Gases Simple Permanent tissue Morphology of root and its types
    Complex permanent tissues Regions of Root History of classification and its need
    Breathing And Exchange Of Gases Transport of Gases Regulation of Respiration
    Disorders of Respiratory System Interaction of Haemoglobin with Other Gases Amniocentesis
    Anatomy of flowering plants ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ARTs) Meristematic Cells
    Phloems Population explosion Reproductive Health
    RCH (Reproductive and Child Health Care) Medical termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Plant kingdom
    Biological Systems of Classification & Branches of Taxonomy Pteridophytes Gymnosperms
    Angiosperms Life cycle Patterns Anatomy of Roots
    Contraceptives Anatomy of stem Algae
    Bryophytes Tissues and its types STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)
    Cell - The Basic Unit of Life & its Historical background Cell theory and its modification An Overview of Cell
    Secondary growth in dicot stem Tissue system and types Prokaryotic (Bacterial) cell
    Ribosomes Eukaryotic cell Cell: The basic unit of life
    Cytoskeleton Centrosome and Centriole Cilia and flagella
    Nucleus Chromosomes Evolution
    Movement and Locomotion Human Reproduction Absorption and Translocation of Solutes
    Soil as a reservoir of Essential Elements LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Mechanism of Muscle Contraction
    Morphology in Flowering Plants Contractile proteins Muscular System
    Thyroid Puberty Hormones
    Origin of Universe Hypothalamus Cell wall
    Mitochondria Special Chromosomes Microbodies
    Introduction, Hydroponics and the study of mineral requirements of the plants Criteria of essentiality and Categorisation of Essential elements Deficiency symptoms of essential elements and toxicity
    The Stem The Root Cytoplasm and cell membrane
    Mineral Nutrition Disorders Related To Reproductive System Phylum Ctenophora
    Role of Macronutrients Role of Micronutrients Phylum - Coelenterata / Cnidaria
    Reptilia Aves Mammalia
    Anatomy of the leaf Animal kingdom Phylum Annelida
    Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata Vertebrata
    Chordates Disorders of circulatory system Abiotic Factors
    Male Reproductive System Kingdom Animalia Responses to Abiotic Factors
    Female Reproductive System Mammary Glands Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
    Cell Cancer Disorders of the Digestive System
    Infertility Morphology of Cockroach Blood and Plasma
    Alternation of Generations and Classification Predation Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae
    Phylum Coelenterata Phylum Porifera Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Chromosomal Disorders Competition Taxonomic Aids
    Alternation of generation in Pteridophytes Disorders of muscular and skeletal system General Characteristics of Living
    Digestive Glands Stomach Testis
    Buccal cavity Seed Common Diseases in Humans
    Permanent Tissue Permanent Tissues Xylem Pteridophytes Characteristics
    Parasitism and Commensalism Water Pollution and Its Control Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
    Organism and its Environment Carbohydrates Greenhouse Effect Gases
    Amino Acids
     
    Dynamic State of Body Constituents Photosynthesis Chloroplast
    Features of Living Beings Blood Group  Lipids
    Kingdom Protista dense connective tissue connective tissue cartilage
    connective tissue blood plant cell viruses
    the stem Connective Tissue Bone Viroids Prions Lichens
    Animal cell Prokaryotic Cell Taxonomic Aids Herbarium and Museum
    Sphygmomanometer and ECG Population Attributes Noise pollution
    Diaphragm Parts of a Plant Photoperiodism
    Poultry Farming Nucleic Acids Cell Cycle
    Principles of Biotechnology Antibiotics IVF
    Glands Kranz Anatomy Sexual Reproduction in Plants
    Cytokinin Plant Development Biofertilizers
    Photorespiration Auxin Nutrient Cycling
    Types of Flowers Taxonomic Hierarchy and Categories Epidermal Tissue System
    Calyx and Corolla Ethylene Fertilization and Implantation
    Types of Fruits Inflorescence Types of Growth
    Macronutrients Family Liliaceae ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation
    Classification of Wood Ground Tissue System Secondary Growth in Stem
    Plant Vascular System Electron Transport System Transpiration
    Difference Between Types of Cells Ovary Structure Birth Control
    Epithelial Tissue Endomembrane System Cell Envelopes and Cell Membrane
    Muscle Types Axial Skeleton Acquired Immunity
    Lung Volumes and Capacities Suspension and Migration Prokaryotic Cells
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