There is something different about math. You can’t just read it and expect results. You can’t even rely on practice only. What actually holds everything together are formulas.
Every question in the CBSE Class 12 Math question paper comes down to applying a known rule or identity. If your important math formulas are clear, solving becomes smoother. If not, even simple questions feel unfamiliar.
Since the Class 12 Maths syllabus 2025-26 is quite wide, revision needs to be smart. A well-organised math formula chart makes that easier and keeps you from missing key concepts.
Class 12 Maths All Formulas Chapter Wise
1. Vector Algebra Formulas:
With the right formulas at your fingertips, vector algebra formulas becomes easy to handle, as most questions in the CBSE Class 12 Maths paper are straightforward and formula-based.
| Concept | Formula |
| Position vector | OP = √(x² + y² + z²) |
| Vector relation | PQ + QR = PR |
| Commutative law | A + B = B + A |
| Associative law | A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C |
| Dot product | A · B = |A| |B| cosθ |
| Cross product | A × B = |A| |B| sinθ |
| Scalar multiplication | k(A + B) = kA + kB |
| Additive identity | A + 0 = A |
These are very common basic math formulas. Practice a few questions, and you will get comfortable.
2. Trigonometry (Inverse) Formulas:
Though compact in number, inverse trigonometric formulas play a crucial role in solving complex problems and are frequently applied in longer questions.
| Type | Maths Trigonometry Formula |
| Negative identity | sin⁻¹(−x) = −sin⁻¹x |
| Cos identity | cos⁻¹(−x) = π − cos⁻¹x |
| Tan identity | tan⁻¹(−x) = −tan⁻¹x |
| Cot identity | cot⁻¹(−x) = π − cot⁻¹x |
| Sum identity | sin⁻¹x + cos⁻¹x = π/2 |
| Sum identity | tan⁻¹x + cot⁻¹x = π/2 |
These are useful in simplification. You will see them again and again.
3. Calculus Formulas:
A strong grasp of calculus formulas is essential for tackling application-based and high-weightage questions, as they form the backbone of differentiation and integration problems.
This is the most important part of the CBSE Class 12 math question paper. Most marks come from here.
Basic Integration Formulas
| Type | Important Math Formulas |
| Power rule | ∫ xⁿ dx = xⁿ⁺¹ / (n+1) + C |
| Exponential | ∫ eˣ dx = eˣ + C |
| General exponential | ∫ aˣ dx = aˣ / ln(a) + C |
| Log function | ∫ ln(x) dx = x ln(x) − x + C |
| Reciprocal | ∫ (1/x) dx = ln|x| + C |
Trigonometric Integration:
Mastering standard trigonometric integrals and identities makes complex integration problems simpler, as these concepts are widely used in lengthy and application-based questions.
| Formula |
| ∫ sin x dx = −cos x + C |
| ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C |
| ∫ sec²x dx = tan x + C |
| ∫ cosec²x dx = −cot x + C |
| ∫ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C |
| ∫ cosec x cot x dx = −cosec x + C |
Rules of Integration:
Understanding and applying the basic rules of integration correctly helps simplify lengthy expressions and ensures accurate solutions to a wide range of calculus problems.
| Rule | Formula |
| Sum rule | ∫(f+g)dx = ∫f dx + ∫g dx |
| Difference rule | ∫(f−g)dx = ∫f dx − ∫g dx |
| Constant multiple | ∫k f(x)dx = k∫f(x)dx |
| Constant rule | ∫a dx = ax + C |
Special Case
| Concept | Formula |
| Integration by parts | ∫f(x)g(x) dx = f(x)∫g(x)dx − ∫[f’(x)∫g(x)dx]dx |
If you practice these properly, calculus becomes manageable.
4. Probability Formulas:
Clear knowledge of probability formulas helps in solving numerical and case-based questions quickly, as most problems are based on direct application.
This Class 12 maths chapter is short and scoring.
| Concept | Formula |
| Conditional probability | P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B) |
| Multiplication theorem | P(A ∩ B) = P(A) P(B|A) |
Most questions are direct, so do not skip this.
5. Three-Dimensional Geometry Formulas:
Knowing the standard 3D geometry formulas makes it easier to handle coordinate-based and application-oriented questions, as most problems rely on direct use of distance, angle, and plane equations.
This part is also very direct. If formulas are clear, questions seem easy.
| Concept | Formula |
| Plane equation | lx + my + nz = d |
| Distance between two points | √[(x₁−x₂)² + (y₁−y₂)² + (z₁−z₂)²] |
Also Read:
- CBSE Class 12 Maths Sample Paper with Solutions
- CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions
- CBSE 12th Practice Papers for All Subjects
Applications of Class 12 Maths Formulas
Understanding each math formula actually helps beyond class 12 math exams, too. How? Let us clear that for you:
- Calculus is used in physics for motion and change
- Trigonometry is used in construction and design
- Vectors are used to study direction and force
- Probability is used in data and predictions
Tips to Remember Maths Formula Sheet Class 12
There is no hard and fast rule to remember maths formulas. The simplest way is to practice it again and again. The more you use them, the easier they feel:
- Write formulas again and again
- Solve questions using them
- Revise every day, even if for 15 minutes
- Keep a small notebook for formulas
- Try to understand where the formula comes from
Conclusion
If you are serious about scoring well in the CBSE Class 12 exam for Maths, then formulas should be your focus from the start. Every chapter depends on them in some way.
But remember, do not try to learn everything at once! Take one chapter at a time. Revise regularly. Use this maths formula sheet class 12 again and again.
With steady practice, things start getting clearer. And once formulas are fixed in your mind, solving questions becomes much faster.
FAQs
1. How many formulas should I learn in Class 12 Maths?
There is no exact number. Each chapter has its own formulas. Calculus has the most. Focus on understanding and using them instead of just memorising.
2. Which chapter is most important for formulas?
Calculus is the most important. It has many formulas and carries good weight in exams. Regular practice is needed here.
3. Is learning formulas enough for board exams?
No. You also need to practice questions. Formulas help you start, but practice helps you finish correctly.
4. How can I revise formulas quickly?
Keep a short math formula chart or notes. Revise daily. Focus more on formulas you forget often.
