The CBSE Class 12 board exam is by far more than a regular board exam. It undoubtedly affects which colleges you can get into, how ready you are for competitive exams, and your subject specialization. A long time ago, the CBSE board began gradually shifting towards a concept-based, NCERT-aligned, and application-oriented mode of evaluation, and the 2026 board exams will follow the same pattern.
Imagine Aakash Institute, which mainly focuses on board exams and competitive exams training for lakhs of Class 12 students. They found out one thing: students who figure out the syllabus pattern and weightage very early perform better all the time. To help you, here is a guide that shows, in detail, the syllabus, weightage of each subject, and preparation strategies for physics, class 12 chemistry, class 12 mathematics, class 12 biology, and class 12 English syllabus in the same way as toppers do it.
CBSE Class 12 Science & English Syllabus 2026: Overview
The CBSE Class 12 curriculum is mainly divided into the subjects specific to streams and the subjects of the common language. For the science stream students, the major subjects are Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics or Biology along with English Core.
CBSE lays great stress on the usage of NCERT textbooks. Most board questions in recent years have been from NCERT concepts, examples, diagrams, and in-text questions either directly or indirectly. This applies to MCQs, case-based, or long answers.
Subjects Covered in CBSE Class 12 Science Stream
| Subject | Category |
| Physics Class 12 | Core Science |
| Chemistry Class 12 | Core Science |
| Mathematics Class 12 / Biology | Elective |
| English Core | Language |
CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern & Marks Distribution (2026)
Understanding the marks distribution helps students prioritise preparation intelligently instead of spreading effort equally everywhere.
| Subject | Theory Marks | Practical / Internal | Total |
| Physics Class 12 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| Chemistry Class 12 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| Biology Class 12 | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| Mathematics Class 12 | 80 | 20 | 100 |
| English Core | 80 | 20 | 100 |
Science subjects include practical examinations, while Mathematics and English rely on internal assessments such as projects, tests, and activities.
Mathematics Class 12: Chapter-Wise Focus & Strategy
Mathematics is often the highest-scoring subject when prepared systematically. However, marks are lost due to weak fundamentals and inconsistent practice.
Important Unit Weightage
| Unit | Approx. Weightage |
| Relations & Functions | 8 marks |
| Algebra | 10 marks |
| Calculus | 35 marks |
| Vectors & 3D Geometry | 14 marks |
| Linear Programming | 5 marks |
| Probability | 8 marks |
Calculus is almost 50% of the theory paper by itself. So, mathematics class 12 has calculus as its backbone.
Expert Preparation Strategy
- Open with class 12 maths NCERT solutions and solve each example thoroughly
- Try out the previous year’s questions to get an idea of step marking
- Instead of doing the revision chapter-wise, revise the formulas weekly
- Don’t overlook the presentation of the answer; steps are counted more than the final answers
Physics Class 12: High-Scoring Areas
Physics is a subject that demands understanding of the concepts and also the application of numbers. Gradually, the case-based and in-field numericals are increasing in the CBSE papers.
Important Topics by Weightage
| Unit | Importance |
| Electrostatics | High |
| Current Electricity & Magnetism | High |
| Electromagnetic Induction & AC | High |
| Optics | High |
| Atoms & Nuclei | Medium |
| Electronic Devices | Low–Medium |
Preparation Strategy from Classroom Experience
- Solve numericals daily, not in bulk
- Practice derivations selectively (NCERT-based)
- Diagrams are easy marks—draw clean and labelled figures
- Units and symbols must be accurate
Chemistry Class 12: Section-Wise Importance
Chemistry tests conceptual clarity, numerical ability, and memory—especially in Organic and Inorganic sections.
Important Chapter Weightage
| Chapter | Approx. Marks |
| Electrochemistry | 9 |
| Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids | 8 |
| Solutions | 7 |
| Chemical Kinetics | 7 |
| Coordination Compounds | 7 |
| Biomolecules | 7 |
For chemistry class 12, NCERT reactions, conditions, and examples are non-negotiable.
Biology Class 12: Unit Weightage
Students following bank of biology class 12 style preparation (NCERT + question banks) should prioritise these units:
| Unit | Marks |
| Reproduction | 16 |
| Genetics & Evolution | 20 |
| Biology & Human Welfare | 12 |
| Biotechnology | 12 |
| Ecology & Environment | 10 |
Genetics and Reproduction together often decide final scores.
Class 12 English Syllabus: What CBSE Really Tests
English Core evaluates comprehension, clarity of expression, and structured writing.
Major Sections
- Reading Comprehension
- Writing Skills
- Literature (Flamingo & Vistas)
- Grammar & Creative Writing
Students often underestimate English, but a strong writing structure can significantly boost the overall percentage.
How to Prepare Smartly for CBSE Class 12 Boards 2026
- Start with NCERT because that’s where every topper begins their journey.
- Keep on practicing PYQs, as that is very helpful in decoding CBSE’s style of questioning.
- Do not only keep on focusing on the theory but also balance it with practical, as the competency-based questions are on the rise.
- Short Notes help very much for the last month’s revision, so make them.
Important Exam Details For CBSE Class 12 Boards 2026
- CBSE Class 12 Board Exam Details
- CBSE Class 12 Date Sheet 2026
- CBSE Class 12 Result Updates
- CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026 (All Subjects)
- CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus
- CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
- CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
- CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus
- CBSE Class 12 Sample Papers with Solutions
- CBSE Class 12 Biology Sample Question Papers
- CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Sample Question Papers
- CBSE Class 12 Maths Sample Question Papers
- CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions
Common Mistakes Students Must Avoid
- Not using NCERT textbooks at all
- Going through only the theory part without doing numericals
- Disregarding practicals
- Failing to practice answer writing
Conclusion
To be successful in CBSE Class 12, it is crucial to have a clever prioritization strategy, a thorough knowledge of NCERT, and regular practice. Besides classes 12 mathematics, chemistry, and physics, bank of biology, and the class 12 English syllabus also need to be focused on competently.
Encapsulated combined efforts of well-structured coaching guidance and disciplined self-study work miracles for students who follow the class 12 maths NCERT solutions, PYQs, and an efficient revision method.
FAQs
Q1. Is NCERT enough for CBSE Class 12 Boards 2026?
Yes. NCERT is the primary source, and most questions are directly or indirectly NCERT-based.
Q2. Which subject is hardest in CBSE Class 12 Science?
It varies. Many students find Physics numericals and Maths Calculus challenging.
Q3. How many hours should I study daily for CBSE Class 12?
Around 5–7 focused hours with revision and practice is ideal.
Q4. Is chapter-wise weightage officially released by CBSE?
CBSE provides unit structure. Chapter weightage is derived from exam trends and sample papers.
