Biological Classification Botany NEET Important Questions & Solutions

NEET UG 2022 is just around the corner. According to NTA’s official NEET 2022 notification, the exam will be conducted on 17th July. With limited preparation time, aspirants must consider solving important questions to enhance their problem-solving skills. Biology is the most scoring and crucial section, covering half the questions in NEET. Therefore, to score high marks, aspirants must focus on learning all the topics discussed in the Biology NEET 2022 Syllabus.

Biological Classification carries high weightage for NEET 2022. Multiple tricky questions are asked in this chapter. Students must understand all the concepts thoroughly to answer all the questions correctly. However, speed and accuracy play a vital role in helping you come out as a winner in competitive exams. Therefore, learning the correct method of analysing and solving questions is equally essential for NEET aspirants. 

This article provides Biological Classification important questions with solutions during their preparations.

Biological Classification Important Questions & Solutions

Q1. Which living organism is present in the deep sea water? Give an explanation to support your answer.

Archaebacteria are present in the deep seawater. These organisms have a branched lipid chain in their cell membrane to enable them to survive under harsh conditions. The lipid chain is essential in reducing the fluidity of cell membranes in deep seawater. This organism group includes halophiles which are only present in saline water bodies.

Q2. Explain why fungi are known as heterotrophs.

Fungi are known as heterotrophs because they can not prepare their own food. The absence of chlorophyll in fungi prevents them from preparing food through photosynthesis. Therefore, they only grow and flourish in areas where an abundance of organic materials is present. They absorb and store nutrients from their surroundings for their survival.

Q3. Name the specialised cell present in Noscot that fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

Noscot uses heterocyst for fixing the atmospheric nitrogen. These specialised cells have a thick wall, are large in size, and are found in intercalary, terminal, or lateral positions in filamentous cyanobacteria. The presence of nitrogenase enzymes in Noscot facilitates the process of nitrogen fixation.

Q4. In which organism is Satellite RNA present?

Satellite RNA is present in plant viruses. Most plant viruses contain their own parasites, which are known as satellites. The satellite RNAs are dependent on their related virus for the process of encapsidation and replication. Tobacco Necrosis Virus (TNV) is an appropriate example of satellite RNA.

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Q5. Who proposed the five-kingdom classification, and what are the criteria of classification in this system.

R.H. Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification in 1969. This classification system follows the following criteria to group organisms:

• It groups organisms as unicellular and multicellular according to the complexity of the organism’s body.
• It classifies living organisms as prokaryotes or eukaryotes according to the complexity of organism cell structure.
• All the organisms are classified as heterotrophs or autotrophs according to their mode of getting nutrition.

Q6. Which group of fungi contains hallucinogens, and why are they harmful to human beings?

Multiple fungi produce hallucinogens. The prominent ones are Psilocybe mexicana, Amanita muscaria, and Panaeolus. These fungi are known to produce substances like psilocybin and psilocin. Hallucinogens are harmful for human consumption because they destroy conception power and brain cells.

Q.7 What are viroids, and which organism stands at the risk of viroid infection?

Viroids are the smallest pathogen on Earth. They have circular, naked, single-stranded RNA molecules. Viroids do not encode a protein but start to multiply in number once they are introduced into a host. Viroids infect only plants. Some are benign to the plants, while others cause severe disease to crop plants.

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Q8. Name and explain one of the significant components of the fungi cell wall.

Chitin is one of the crucial cell wall components of fungi. A cell wall is a firm structure that provides necessary support and protection to the cells. The composition of cell walls differs from one species to another. The cell wall in fungi consists of chitin, glycoproteins, and glucans. All three components have a strong covalent linkage. In addition, the cell wall of land plants is composed of hemicellulose and cellulose, whereas archaic cell walls consist of peptidoglycan.

Q9. All the unicellular eukaryotic organisms are included in which animal kingdom group?

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms are included in the Protista group of the animal kingdom. All the organisms of this group are either parasites, heterotrophs, or photoautotrophs.

Q10. Explain the characteristics of organisms of the Monera kingdom.

Basic characteristics of organisms in monera:

• The nuclear membrane is not bound to the nucleus.
• All the organisms are prokaryotes.
• They are the most primitive organisms.
• Presence of cell wall
• They can survive in commensalism and symbiotic relationships.
• They can be parasites, heterotrophs, and autotrophs.
• Their DNA is present in the cytoplasm, known as the nucleoid. 
• Their respiration can be anaerobic or aerobic.
• They circulate gases or nutrition through diffusion.
• They are subdivided into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

Q11. Name and explain the organisms that live in salty regions.

Halophiles are organisms that live in areas with a high concentration of salt. Their name ‘halophiles’ means salt-loving. These organisms need 17-23% NaCl to survive and grow their population. If the salt concentration decreases below 10%, cells of halophiles lyse.

Q12. What is the kingdom of Monera? Explain.

This kingdom includes all the organisms that are prokaryotes, such as algae and bacteria. However, bacteria are counted as the essential part of this kingdom. These organisms can survive in extreme conditions like deserts, hot springs, deep oceans, and snow. Some organisms of the monera kingdom are parasitic in behaviour.

 Q13. What is the kingdom of Plantae and what are its characteristics?

This group includes all the photosynthetic eukaryotes and multicellular organisms commonly known as plants. However, some group members are partially heterotrophic such as venus fly trap, bladderwort, etc.

Basic characteristics of organisms in Plantae:

• Their primary pigment is chlorophyll.
• They are generally eukaryotic in nature.
• Cellulose builds its cell wall.
• They use both sexual and asexual methods to reproduce.
• They get energy through photosynthesis.
• They display the occurrence of alternation of generation. 

Q14. What are the basic characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?

Organisms in this group are eukaryotic or heterotrophic. They indirectly or directly depend on plants to get energy.

Basic characteristics of organisms in Animalia:

• They are symmetrical bilaterally.
• They are present in variable sizes.
• They are multicellular organisms.
• They exhibit a well-developed and properly structured organ system like the digestive, skeleton, respiratory, etc.
• They have membrane-bound cells with a nucleus.
• They have properly developed locomotive organs.
• Their respiration occurs through the lungs, gills, skin, etc.
• Their cells don’t have a wall.
• They have an internal cavity to digest food. 
• All the organisms of this group follow a particular pattern for growth.
• Sexual reproduction happens through the population of females and males, followed by embryo development.

Q15. What are lichens and viruses?

Viruses are infectious agents and are active only after entering the host organism. They are known to infect animals, plants, bacteria, etc. RNA and DNA are the genetic materials of viruses.

Lichens are the symbiont between fungi and algae. The fungi give shelter to algae, and in lieu, algae provide nourishment to fungi by synthesising food.  

Q16. What is contagium vivum fluidum, and who proposed it?

Contagium vivum fluidum is a term that was first used for depicting a virus by a Dutch botanist and microbiologist, M.W. Beijerinck. In earlier days, this term was used for portraying an infection and determining its capacity to figure out the best treatment options that were available during that time.

Q17. Explain the demerits of Linnaeus’s biological classification.

Demerits of Linnaeus’s biological classification are listed below:

• It does not consider the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
• All organisms are classified irrespective of their cellular structure.
• It does not classify organisms according to photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic properties.
• Some organisms that are not similar to animals and plants are not grouped in any kingdoms.

All these demerits resulted in the requirement of a new and improved biological classification of living organisms.

Q18. What is the reason for the highly resistant nature of the endospore?

Endospore is a structure formed by specific bacteria during extreme environmental conditions. This structure consists of ribosomes, bacterium’s DNA, and an enormous quantity of dipicolinic acid.

Dipicolinic acid is the primary reason for providing a highly resistant to the endospore.

Q19. Name the group of organisms whose cell walls form dual thin overlapping shells.

Chrysophytes is a group of organisms with two thin overlapping shells held together. This group comprises algae that are generally found in lakes. These organisms are often referred to as golden-brown algae.

Q20. What are morels and truffles, and they fall under which kingdom of organisms?

Morels and truffles are a type of fungi that is commercially used as a food ingredient. They are classified as ascomycetes that are considered sac fungi.

Conclusion

Qualifying for NEET with a good score is highly challenging because of a vast syllabus and limited time for solving the questions in the exam. It is always advised to cover each topic thoroughly and keep revising them to memorise them better. However, practising multiple questions is also necessary to boost your speed in solving tricky problems. Referring to the Botany essential questions with solutions is one of the best ways to learn the correct way of answering a question. Therefore, NEET 2022 aspirants must follow a daily habit of solving important questions to boost their preparation strategy.

FAQs

1. What are the topics covered in Botany chapter Biological classification?

Biological Classification is an important chapter for NEET. Multiple topics are covered in this chapter. Students need to have a deep understanding of the concepts of this chapter to give the correct answer in the exam. Critical points discussed in this chapter are:

• R.H Whittaker’s five-kingdom classification
• Kingdom Protista
• Kingdom Monera
• Kingdom Animalia
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Fungi
• Virus, lichens, and viroids

2. What is the weightage given to Biological Classification in NEET?

Biological Classification is important for NEET. Every year questions are asked from this chapter. Although the frequency of questions varies in each NEET-UG, students must learn the topics thoroughly to enhance their knowledge. The following table broadly demonstrates the most crucial Biology chapters for NEET:

3. What is the question pattern of NEET Botany?

All the questions of NEET Botany are grouped in two sections. There are 50 questions, and aspirants need to answer any 45 questions of their choice. For each correct answer, four marks are given, and one mark is deducted for every wrong answer. The following table broadly demonstrates the number of questions in each question:

4. Why are diagrams necessary during NEET preparations?

Many Botany questions in NEET are diagram based. To answer these questions, students need to have an in-depth understanding of the diagram and the function of each part shown in the diagram. Therefore, it is recommended that NEET aspirants learn and practise all the diagrams given in the textbook during preparation.

5. What strategy can be helpful to improve my performance in Botany?

To enhance performance in NEET Botany, aspirants must thoroughly cover the NCERT textbook and solve the questions after completing each chapter. Most of the NEET questions are asked directly from NCERT textbooks. To cover all the chapters properly, students must count the days left for the exam and set daily targets by equally dividing the topic for each day. Apart from this, they must also take multiple NEET Mock Tests 2022 and solve the NEET Previous Year Question Paper.

6. Are NCERT textbooks enough to learn all the topics of Biological Classification for NEET?

NCERT textbook is the best guide for NEET aspirants. According to the question trends in previous years, it is noted that all the questions of Biological Classification are taken directly from NCERT books. Therefore, aspirants with comprehensive knowledge of all the topics and diagrams of Biological Classification and other chapters can crack the exam with good marks.