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NEET Biology Syllabus 2026
For all medical aspirants, understanding the NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 is the first step toward effective preparation. Biology forms a crucial part of NEET, carrying 50% weightage in the exam. Having a clear roadmap of topics can help students focus on scoring high and mastering essential concepts.
NEET Biology Syllabus by NTA
The official NEET Biology syllabus by NTA covers topics from both Class 11 and Class 12 NCERT textbooks. The syllabus is designed to test conceptual clarity, analytical skills, and application-based knowledge, which are crucial for future medical studies.
NEET Class 11 Biology Syllabus 2026
|
Chapter Name |
Topics Covered |
|
Diversity in Living World (Diversity in Living Organisms) |
- What is living? - Biodiversity - Need for classification - Taxonomy & Systematics - Concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy - Binomial nomenclature - Five kingdom classification - Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, and Fungi - Lichens, Viruses, and Viroids - Classification of plants: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (3–5 features, 2 examples each) - Classification of animals: Non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (3–5 features, 2 examples each) |
|
Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants |
- Morphology and modifications - Plant tissues - Anatomy and functions of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence (cymose & racemose), flower, fruit, and seed - Study of plant families: Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae, Gramineae - Animal tissues - Morphology, anatomy, and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, reproductive) of frog (brief account only) |
|
Cell Structure and Function |
- Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life - Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - Plant and animal cell structure - Cell envelope, membrane, and wall - Cell organelles: ER, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies - Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles - Nucleus: membrane, chromatin, nucleolus - Biomolecules: structure & function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids - Enzymes: types, properties, mechanism, classification, and nomenclature - Cell division: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, significance |
|
Plant Physiology |
- Photosynthesis: process, site, pigments, phases, cyclic & non-cyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmotic hypothesis, photorespiration, C3 & C4 pathways, factors affecting photosynthesis - Respiration: exchange of gases, glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle, ETS, ATP generation, amphibolic pathways, respiratory quotient - Plant growth & development: seed germination, phases of growth, differentiation, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, developmental sequence, plant growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA) |
|
Human Physiology |
- Breathing & Respiration: human respiratory system, mechanism, gas exchange & transport, regulation, volumes, and disorders (Asthma, Emphysema, etc.) - Body Fluids & Circulation: blood composition, groups, coagulation, lymph, human heart & vessels, cardiac cycle, output, ECG, regulation, disorders (Hypertension, CAD, etc.) - Excretory Products & Elimination: human excretory system, urine formation, osmoregulation, kidney regulation (RAAS, ADH, ANF), disorders (Uraemia, Renal failure, etc.) - Locomotion & Movement: types of movement, muscle structure, contraction, skeletal system, joints, disorders (Arthritis, Osteoporosis, etc.) - Neural Control & Coordination: neuron, nerve impulse, human nervous system (CNS, PNS, ANS) - Chemical Coordination & Regulation: endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads), hormone action, disorders (Dwarfism, Goitre, Diabetes, Addison’s disease, etc.) |
NEET Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2026
|
Chapter Name |
Topics Covered |
|
Reproduction |
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination – types, agencies, and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen–Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post-fertilization events – Development of endosperm and embryo, seed, and fruit formation; Special modes – apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis – spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilization and embryo development up to blastocyst formation; Implantation, pregnancy, placenta formation, parturition, and lactation (Elementary idea). Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health; Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); Birth control – need and methods; Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea). |
|
Genetics and Evolution |
Heredity and Variation: Mendelian inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy, and polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination (humans, birds, honeybee); Linkage and crossing over; Sex-linked inheritance (Haemophilia, Colour blindness); Mendelian disorders (Thalassemia); Chromosomal disorders (Down’s, Turner’s, Klinefelter’s). Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Genetic material (DNA and RNA); DNA packaging, replication, transcription, genetic code, and translation; Gene expression and regulation – Lac Operon; Genome and Human Genome Project; DNA fingerprinting; Protein biosynthesis. Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution; Modern synthetic theory; Mechanism of evolution – variation, mutation, recombination, and natural selection; Gene flow, genetic drift, Hardy-Weinberg principle; Adaptive radiation; Human evolution. |
|
Biology and Human Welfare |
Health and Disease: Pathogens and parasites causing human diseases – Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common cold, Amoebiasis, Ringworm, Dengue, Chikungunya; Concepts of immunology, vaccines; Cancer, HIV & AIDS; Adolescence, drug, tobacco, and alcohol abuse. Microbes in Human Welfare: Use in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, biocontrol agents, and biofertilizers. |
|
Biotechnology and Its Applications |
Principles and Processes: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology). Applications: Human insulin and vaccine production; Gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms (Bt crops); Transgenic animals; Biosafety issues, biopiracy, and patents. |
|
Ecology and Environment |
Organisms and Environment: Population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes – growth, birth/death rate, age distribution. Ecosystem: Patterns, components, productivity, decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy. Biodiversity and Conservation: Concept, patterns, importance, loss, conservation methods; Hotspots; Endangered organisms and extinction; Red Data Book; Biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, and sacred groves. |
Updated Syllabus of NEET Biology
The updated syllabus of NEET Biology includes all essential chapters from Diversity of the Living World, Cell Structure and Function, Plant Physiology, Human Physiology, Genetics, Evolution, Ecology, and more. It ensures students are well-prepared for both theory and diagram-based questions in the exam.
NEET Biology Syllabus PDF
Students can download the NEET Biology syllabus PDF from the NTA official website to refer anytime during preparation. This PDF provides a chapter-wise breakdown, helping aspirants plan their study schedule efficiently.\
Download NEET Biology Syllabus PDF
Comparison with Biology Syllabus JEE Main
Although the Biology syllabus for JEE Main overlaps in some concepts, NEET focuses more on diagrams, classification, and human/plant physiology. Hence, aspirants targeting medical courses must prioritize the NEET-specific syllabus.
By following the NEET Biology syllabus 2026, aspirants can focus on high-yield topics, understand exam trends, and boost their confidence. Make sure to refer only to the official NEET Biology syllabus by NTA to avoid missing any important topics. With proper planning and dedicated study, acing the NEET Biology section becomes achievable.
NEET 2026 Biology Important Topics
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Introduction Hydroponics and the Study of Mineral Requirements of the Plants |
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NEET 2025 Related Links
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