NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 - Manufacturing Industries

This chapter teaches the importance of manufacturing and discusses the manufacturing industry in detail. The manufacturing industry is the backbone of development. Manufacturing industries facilitate modernising agriculture because it provides jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

Export of factory-made merchandise expands trade and commerce and brings in a lot of required interchange. It helps in roaring the country by giving a lift to the economy. Industrial Location is influenced by the supply of raw materials, labour, capital, power, market, and government policies.

Agro-based Industries utilise agricultural raw materials like cotton, jute, silk, sugar and edible oil, etc. Some of these agro-based industries are textile businesses, such as cotton textiles, jute textiles, and sugar business. Mineral-based Industries uses minerals and metals as raw materials are referred to as mineral-based industries. Some industries that are classified as a mineral-based industry are iron industry, aluminum smelting, chemical industries, fertiliser business, Cement business, Automobile business, Information Technology and industry. These industries can cause air pollution by creating a high proportion of undesirable gases and chemical pollutant.

Carbon gases are emitted by factories, refineries, and smelting plants, as they use fossil fuels as an energy source. Moreover, these pollutants adversely affect human health, animals, plants, historical buildings, and the atmosphere as an entire. Also, water pollution is caused by the discharge of harmful effluents from the industries into the water bodies. Thermal water pollution happens when hot water from factories and thermal plants is disposed of into rivers and ponds before cooling and treating for contaminations. Noise pollution is caused by factory machines which have a harmful impact on human or animal life activity. It causes irritation, anger and may very likely cause hearing impairments. To control Environmental Degradation, we can harvest freshwater to satisfy water necessities. Treating effluents before discharging them in rivers and ponds can help reduce water pollution from industries. Fitting smokestacks may reduce particulate matter within the air to factories with electricity precipitators, cloth filters, scrubbers and mechanical phenomenon separators. Machinery may be redesigned to extend energy potency and cut back noise.