NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 - Sectors of the Indian Economy

In this chapter, students will learn about the various sectors of the Indian Economy. The Indian economy consists of three sectors called Primary sector, Secondary sector and Tertiary sector. The Primary sector is the sector of the economy dealing with agricultural goods, for example, lumbering, dairy, etc. The Secondary sector transforms the products of the primary sector into a more usable and refined form by a process called manufacturing. Due to this, it is also called as industrial sector. The synthesis of sugar from sugarcane is a good example for this sector. Lastly, the Tertiary sector includes those activities that provide services (assistance) to the above activities, such as transport and communication.

History has shown that initially, all the people in developed nations were engaged in the primary sector. After a gradual development, when factories came up, they shifted towards the industrial sector. Recently, a further shift has also taken place and now, the service sector has gained more significance. But, in the case of India, it is not alike. Though the production has risen dramatically, manufacturing & service sectors have failed to create enough jobs for the growing population. Consequently, India is facing the problem of unemployment, especially disguised unemployment.

Furthermore, the Indian sectors are classified as the Organised and Unorganised sector. The Organised sector includes those firms and companies which are registered by the government, and their terms of employment are fair and regulated by the government. On the other hand, the Unorganised sector includes those enterprises which are not registered with the government. Hence, there are no terms of employment, and due to this, employees of the Unorganised sector suffer a lot in many ways. Workers do not have job security in this sector. There is no provision of paid leave, overtime etc. Also, they get less wages which are fixed by an individual or a group of private individuals.

Most workers employed in the unorganised sector belong to the underprivileged section of society. Hence, the government has the duty to adopt some appreciable measures for them. Government must shoulder the responsibility of the development of infrastructure in these backward areas. It must also provide them with the basic facilities of education, hospitals etc. In this way, the government can solve the problem of them and can make the nation more prosperous and developed.

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