NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques

This chapter discusses the Tetravalence of carbon shapes and compounds, Some Characteristic Features of π Bonds, structural representations of organic compounds, classification of an organic compound, functional group and nomenclature of organic compounds. It also introduces students to the concept isomerism and explains the fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism and types of organic reactions and mechanism, methods of purification of organic compounds and quantitative analysis of compounds.

• Tetravalence of Carbon Shapes and Compounds

In this topic, students are recalled of the formation and the shapes of molecules like methane (CH4), ethene (C2H4), ethyne (C2H2) are explained in terms of the use of sp3, sp2 and sp hybrid orbitals by carbon atoms in the respective molecules.

• Structural Representations of Organic Compounds

This topic deals with the complete, Condensed and Bond-line Structural Formulas and Three-Dimensional Representation of Organic Molecules.

• Classification of Organic Compounds

In this topic, students learn in detail the types of organic compounds which include, Acyclic or open chain compounds and Cyclic or closed chain or ring compounds.

• Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Organic chemistry is a branch that deals with carbon compounds, and it leads to study of over millions of compounds. In order to clearly identify them, a systematic method of naming has been developed and is known as the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system of nomenclature. In this systematic nomenclature, the names are correlated with the structure such that the reader or listener can deduce the structure from the name. Understanding this topic will enable the students to name the compounds according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature and also derive their structures from the given names.

• Isomerism

This topic explains the different types of isomerism- Structural isomerism and Stereoisomerism.

• Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism

Students learn in-depth the organic reaction mechanism through some principles that explain the concept and the types of organic reactions and mechanisms.

• Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds

In this topic, students learn that various methods used for the purification of organic compounds are based on the nature of the compound and the impurity present in it, and the common techniques used for purification of organic compounds.

• Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compound

The major elements present in organic compounds are carbon and hydrogen. Apart from these, they may also contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, halogens and phosphorus. Various methods are used to detect the presence of these substances.

• Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compound

Students learn to determine the percentage composition of elements present in an organic compound through various methods in this topic.