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HBSE Exam Class 12 Physics Syllabus - Download Detailed Syllabus PDF For Free!

The Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE) is responsible for conducting exams for Class 12 students across the state, and Physics is one of the most important subjects in the curriculum. The Class 12 Physics syllabus is designed to encompass fundamental concepts and principles that are crucial for building a strong foundation in the field of science. It covers a wide range of topics, from mechanics to modern physics, ensuring that students gain a deep understanding of the subject.


This article covers the comprehensive overview of the HBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus, highlighting the key topics, explaining the exam pattern, and offering a free downloadable PDF of the detailed syllabus to assist in your preparation. 

Table of Contents

HBSE Class 12 Syllabus Latest Updates

The HBSE Class 12 Syllabus for 2025 has been updated with some changes to help students focus on important topics. The updated syllabus includes adjustments in chapters and topics across subjects, ensuring that students are well-prepared for the exams. 

It’s important to review the latest syllabus to stay on track with your studies. You can download the updated HBSE Class 12 Syllabus for 2025 online to ensure you are studying the right content.

HBSE Class 12 Physics Detailed Syllabus

Sr. No Unit Name Chapters Marks
1 Electrostatic Electric Charges and Fields 08
2 Current Electricity Current Electricity 08
3 Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism Moving Charges and Magnetism 09
4 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents Electromagnetic Induction 08
5 Electromagnetic Wave Electromagnetic Wave 03
6 Optics Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 14
7 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 05
8 Atoms and Nuclei Atoms 08
9 Electronic Devices Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits 07
TOTAL 70
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION 30
GRAND TOTAL 100

HBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter Wise Syllabus 2025

Sr. No

Unit Name

Chapters

Chapters

1

Electrostatic 

Electric Charges and Fields 
  • Electric Charge
  • Basic Properties of Electric Charge
  • Electric Flux
  • Gauss’s Law
  • Applications of Gauss’s Law
  • Electric Field

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
  • Electrostatic Potential
  • Electrostatics of Conductors
  • Relation Between Feld and Potential
  • Electrostatics of Conductors
  • Dielectrics and Polarisation
  • Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
  • Capacitors and Capacitance

2

Current Electricity 

Current Electricity
  • Electric Current
  • Flow of Electric Charges in Metallic Conductor
  • Limitations of Ohm’s law
  • Resistivity of Various Materials
  • Electrical Energy
  • EMF
  • Internal Resistance
  • Wheatstone Bridge

3

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Moving Charges and Magnetism 
  • Concept of Magnetic Field
  • Lorentz Force
  • Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Conductor
  • Motion of Charge in a Magnetic Field
  • Biot Savart Law
  • Ampere’s Circuital Law
  • Moving Coil Galvanometer
  • Conversion to Ammeter and Voltmeter

Magnetism and Matter 
  • Bar Magnet
  • Magnetic Field Lines
  • Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
  • Magnetic Properties of Materials
  •  Diamagnetism
  • Paramagnetism
  • Ferromagnetism

4

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Induction
  • Experiments of Faraday and Henry
  • Faraday’s law of Induction
  • Lenz's Law
  • Conservation of Energy
  • Motional Electromotive Force
  • Inductance
  • Mutual Inductance for Long Coaxial Solenoids
  • Energy Stored in Inductor
  • AC generator

Alternating Current
  • Peak and RMS Value of Alternating Current (No derivation)
  •  AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
  • AC Voltage Applied To a Capacitor
  • Resonance
  • Power in AC Circuit
  • Power Factor
  • Transformers

5

Electromagnetic Wave

Electromagnetic Wave
  • Basic Idea of Displacement Current
  • Electromagnetic Waves
  • Sources and Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
  • Radio Waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared Waves
  •  Visible Ray
  • Ultraviolet Rays
  • X-rays

6

Optics

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
  • Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirror
  • Mirror Formula
  • Refraction of Light
  •  Total Internal Reflection
  • Applications of TIR
  • Refraction at Spherical Surfaces
  • Refraction by a Lens
  • Power of a Lens
  • Optical Instruments
  • Microscope (Simple and Compound)
  • Telescope

Wave Optics
  • Wave Front
  • Huygen’s Principle
  • Reflection and Refraction of Plane
  •  Coherent Sources
  • Interference of Light Waves
  • Young’s Double Slit Experiment
  •  Polarization
  • Law of Malus

7

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
  • Electron Emission
  • Photoelectric Effect: Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
  • Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation
  • Particle Nature of light: photon

8

Atoms and Nuclei

Atoms
  • Alpha-Particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
  • Distance of Closest Approach
  • Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
  • Expression for Radius of nth Possible Orbit
  • Velocity and Energy of Electron in nth Orbit
  •  De Broglie Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantization

Nuclei
  • Composition and Size of Nucleus
  • Mass-Energy Relation
  • Mass Defect
  • Radioactivity
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Nuclear Fission and Fusion
  • Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion

9

Electronic Devices

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
  • Classification of Metals
  • Extrinsic Semiconductor: P and N Type
  • P-n Junction Formation
  • Semiconductor Diode
  • Junction Diode as Rectifier
  • Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier

HBSE Class 12 Physics Question Paper Pattern 2025

Type of Questions Marks Number Description Total Marks
Objective Questions 01 18 09 Multiple Choice Questions, 03 Fill in the blanks, 03 One Word Answer Based, 03 Assertion-Reason Questions 18
Very Short Answer Type Question 02 7 Internal choice will be given in any 3 questions 14
Short Answer Type Question 03 5 Internal choice will be given in any 2 questions 15
Case Study 04 2 Internal choice will be given only in one part of both questions 8
Long Answer Type Question 05 3 Internal options will be given in all the questions and may be given in the parts 15
TOTAL 70

How To Download HBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 Physics?

To download the HBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus for 2025, follow these simple steps on the official HBSE website. Accessing the syllabus ensures you are well-prepared for your upcoming exams.

1. Visit the Official Website: Go to the Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE) official website: bseh.org.in.
2. Navigate to the Syllabus Section: Look for the "Syllabus" or "Curriculum" section on the homepage or under the "Students" tab.
3. Select Class 12: Choose "Class 12" from the list of available classes to access the relevant syllabi.
4. Choose Physics Subject: Find and click on "Physics" to view the Class 12 Physics syllabus for 2025.
5. Download the Syllabus: Click the download link or PDF icon to save the syllabus file to your device.
6. Save and Print: Save the PDF for easy access and print a copy if needed for your study sessions.

Reasons To Download HBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 Physics

Downloading the HBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus offers several advantages for students:

  • Comprehensive Coverage: The syllabus provides a detailed outline of topics and concepts to be studied.
  • Exam Preparation: Helps in planning and organizing study schedules effectively.
  • Resource Allocation: Identifies key areas to focus on for better resource utilization.
  • Updated Information: Ensures you are aware of any changes or updates in the curriculum.
  • Confidence Boost: Knowing the syllabus thoroughly boosts confidence in tackling the exams.

Tips To Prepare for the HBSE Class 12 Physics Exam

Understand the Syllabus: Familiarize yourself with the entire syllabus and focus on key topics.

Create a Study Plan: Develop a realistic study schedule, allocating sufficient time to each unit.

Practice Regularly: Solve previous years' question papers and sample papers to understand the exam pattern.

Conceptual Clarity: Focus on understanding the concepts rather than rote learning.

Revise Thoroughly: Regular revision is crucial for retaining concepts and improving recall during exams.

Seek Help: If you encounter difficulties, seek guidance from teachers or join study groups.

Stay Healthy: Maintain a balanced diet, get adequate sleep, and stay physically active to keep your mind sharp.

HBSE Exam Class 12 Syllabus Physics FAQs

Q1: What is the marking scheme for the HBSE Class 12 Physics exam?
Answer: The marking scheme for the HBSE Class 12 Physics exam is divided into theoretical and practical exams. The theory paper is of 70 marks, and the practical exam is of 30 marks, making a total of 100 marks.

Q2: Where can I download the latest HBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus?
Answer:  The latest HBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus can be downloaded from the official website of the Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE) at bseh.org.in.

Q3: What topics are included in the HBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus?
Answer:  The syllabus includes topics such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents, Electromagnetic Waves, Optics, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, Atoms and Nuclei, and Electronic Devices.

Q4: How can I effectively prepare for the HBSE Class 12 Physics exam?
Answer:  To prepare effectively, understand the syllabus, create a study plan, practice regularly, focus on conceptual clarity, revise thoroughly, seek help when needed, and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

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