{"id":145682,"date":"2022-04-19T13:30:36","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T08:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/blog\/?p=145682"},"modified":"2023-03-27T22:24:39","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T16:54:39","slug":"what-is-organic-chemistry-important-concepts-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/blog\/what-is-organic-chemistry-important-concepts-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is Organic Chemistry? Important Concepts & Questions from class 11 chemistry chapter 12"},"content":{"rendered":"

“Organic Chemistry is as similar as playing with molecular Jigsaw puzzles.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Organic compounds surround every individual. In today’s technologically advanced era, almost every item is made up of organic compounds in some form or another. These chemical compounds <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 <\/span>Chemistry<\/a> plays an essential role in the economic growth and development of the economy. Such organic compounds are majorly used in Biotechnology, Biochemistry, and Medicine. These compounds can be used in numerous secondary sectors, including agrichemicals, surface coating, beauty products, detergents, colouring agents, food, fuel, petrochemical products, pharmaceutical drugs, polymers, and rubber.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Curiously Enough<\/b><\/p>\n

Carbon is the most used element in organic compounds. Organic compounds may be referred to as hydrocarbons (compounds made of carbon & hydrogen). In some organic compounds, hydrogen can be altered by other elements such as N, S etc. As a result, “organic chemistry <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry <\/span>\u00a0is the study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives.”<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Students will be able to ace their exams if they study these concepts and questions!<\/span><\/p>\n

What is Organic Chemistry?<\/h3>\n

Organic chemistry <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry<\/span>\u00a0mainly involves the study of carbon-containing compounds. It studies their structures, compositions, properties, reactions, and preparation. The majority of organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen as their prime elements. Still, they may also contain various other elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, halogen, silicon, sulphur, and many more.<\/span><\/p>\n

Organic chemistry has some of the most important branches of science that study carbon compounds, particularly hydrocarbons and their derivatives.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Did You Know?<\/b><\/p>\n

Carbon has a unique ability to form covalent bonds with other elements to make diverse structural mixes. Organic chemists use various organic chemistry reactions to synthesise unusual carbon-based structures and use various analytical methods to characterise them.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds<\/h3>\n

Catenation:<\/b> Catenation <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry <\/span>\u00a0is a process whereby the atoms of the carbon element self-link to form chains and rings. Carbon can expand the definition of catenation to include layer formation (2-dimensional catenation) and the formation of space grids (3-dimensional catenation).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tetravalency and small size:<\/b> Carbon demonstrates tetravalency; that is, it can bond with four other atoms. Forming bonds with elements such as carbon, hydrogen, or atoms of other elements can help meet the tetravalency feature of carbon. The carbon atom must contain four electrons in its valence shell. It is assumed that in the bond formation of atoms, an energy-emission process, two electrons of carbon in the 2s orbital become unpaired, and one is reinforced to the empty orbital.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Curiously Enough<\/b><\/p>\n

Earlier organic chemistry was limited to the study of compounds produced naturally, but with technological advancements, it expanded its study to compounds produced by humans. Plastic is one such example!<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Structural Representations: Organic Compounds<\/h3>\n

Complete Structural Formula:<\/b>\u00a0 A complete structural formula comprises atom symbols linked by short lines representing their chemical bonds. The lines represent the relationships between the two atoms. It can be one, two, or three lines indicating single, double, or triple bonds.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Condensed Structural Formula:<\/b> Every carbon atom is represented individually in the condensed structural formula. Here, carbon atoms are placed to the atoms bonded to that particular carbon atom. These are written in shorthand notation, which contains more clarification than the molecular formula. The condensed structural formulas <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry<\/span>\u00a0are shorter in comparison to other structural formulas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bond-Line Structural Formula:<\/b> A molecular structure representation uses lines to highlight the covalent bonds between atoms. Here the bonds between the atoms are represented circularly using lines. A single line depicts a single bond between the atoms likewise, two parallel lines for a double bond and three parallel lines for a triple bond. The position of carbon atoms is depicted with letters, or in case not mentioned, every connector is presumed to be a methyl group.<\/span><\/p>\n

Classification of Organic Compounds<\/h3>\n

There are large numbers of organic compounds, and their non-stop increase in numbers has made it important to classify them based on their structures.<\/span><\/p>\n

Acyclic or Open Chain Compounds:<\/b> These compounds are made up of flat or branched chains. They are also known as aliphatic compounds.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alicyclic or Closed Chain or Ring Compounds:<\/b> Alicyclic (aliphatic cyclic) compounds are made up of carbon atoms arranged in a ring (homocyclic) format. Atoms other than carbon can also be found in the ring (heterocyclic).<\/span><\/p>\n

Aromatic Compounds: <\/b>The aromatic compound is a unique type of compound. Benzene and Benzenoid (other related ring compounds) are some of their examples. Aromatic compounds, like alicyclic compounds, may contain a heteroatom in the ring. These are known as heterocyclic aromatic compounds.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Did You Know?<\/b><\/p>\n

The concept of organic chemistry <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry<\/span>\u00a0was introduced nearly 200 years ago. Around the 1780s, chemists differentiated between organic compounds derived from natural sources and inorganic compounds derived from mineral sources. A renowned Swedish chemist, Berzilius, envisioned that a ‘vital force formed organic compounds.’<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds<\/h3>\n

IUPAC Rules: <\/b>There are thousands of compounds in organic chemistry. Therefore to identify them correctly, systematic guidelines have been created. These guidelines are recommended by IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). Nomenclature of Organic Compounds follows the IUPAC pattern for naming organic compounds, carbocations, etc. The IUPAC laid clear naming standards for organic compounds.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chemical Nomenclature Types:<\/b> Chemical nomenclature typically focuses on naming an apparent molecular arrangement of atoms. Several commissions are working under the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry<\/span>\u00a0which handles the naming of chemical substances. IUPAC’s general approach is to convey guidelines for future chemical names in a systematic manner.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Did You Know?<\/b><\/p>\n

Before introducing the IUPAC nomenclature system, the names of organic compounds were decided depending on their origin or specific properties. Citric acid, for example, gets its name from its presence in citrus fruits.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Isomerism<\/h3>\n

Isomerism refers to the existence of the same molecular formula in two or more compounds but with different properties. These compounds are known as isomers. There are various types of isomerism.<\/span><\/p>\n

Structural Isomerism: <\/b>Structural isomerism are compounds with different atom arrangements within the molecule, i.e. they have the same molecular formula but with different atom structures. Such a type of compound is called structural isomers.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stereoisomers: <\/b>Stereoisomers are compounds with the same molecular composition and sequence of covalent bonds. But the only place where they differ is in their relative positions of atoms or groups in space. Such special types of compounds are called stereoisomers.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism<\/h3>\n

The shape of Carbon Compounds:<\/b> Carbon is an essential element in organic chemistry. Its tetravalency feature makes it one of the fundamental elements of structural organic chemistry. “Tetrahedron” is a structure formed by four hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.<\/span><\/p>\n

Functional Groups: <\/b>The chemical reactions in the functional group and compounds in the same group undergo similar reactions. Thus functional groups were introduced as a suitable approach for organizing this large number of organic compounds.<\/span><\/p>\n

Homologous Series:<\/b> Each succeeding element differs from the preceding one in a series of organic compounds.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds<\/h3>\n

Simple Crystallisation: <\/b>It is one of the most impactful solids purification techniques. The process entails choosing a solvent and preparing a solution <\/span>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fractional Crystallisation: <\/b>It is a technique useful in purifying a single substance that has been adulterated with small amounts of impurities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sublimation:<\/b> It is a process of cleaning a highly volatile organic solid, ranging on a scale from a few micrograms to grams. It is regarded as an effective model for purifying solids.<\/span><\/p>\n

Simple Distillation:<\/b> It is a process that works by<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Begins with transforming a liquid into its vapour form.<\/span><\/p>\n