{"id":143616,"date":"2022-04-16T08:30:13","date_gmt":"2022-04-16T03:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/blog\/?p=143616"},"modified":"2023-05-02T16:29:33","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T10:59:33","slug":"plant-cell-key-highlights-for-neet-biology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/blog\/plant-cell-key-highlights-for-neet-biology\/","title":{"rendered":"Plant cell: Key highlights for NEET 2023 Biology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dlp.aakash.ac.in\/medical\/one-year-all-india-aakash-test-series-aiats-neet-2023-class-xii-passed?utm_source=seobanner&amp;utm_medium=DLP_Aakashweb&amp;utm_campaign=AIATS_blogcontent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d20x1nptavktw0.cloudfront.net\/wordpress_media\/2023\/02\/750x242-v2.jpg\" width=\"750\" height=\"242\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every living thing in existence comprises a complex system of biotic components following their hierarchical system. A body consists of various organs, which are made up of tissues. These tissues are made up of what we also refer to as the fundamental unit of life &#8211; the cell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cells on their own are found in various shapes and sizes, and each type of cell has its own function to perform. They were discovered by Robert Hooke in the late 1660s, changing how modern biology is approached altogether.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article will explore what plant cells are, the components they are made of, and each component\u2019s very own function.<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dlp.aakash.ac.in\/medical\/neet-booster-test-series-2023?utm_source=seobanner&amp;utm_medium=DLP_aakashweb&amp;utm_campaign=Neet_Booster_blogcontent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/d20x1nptavktw0.cloudfront.net\/wordpress_media\/2023\/02\/750x242.jpg\" width=\"750\" height=\"242\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>What is a plant cell?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the name suggests, plant cells are present in plants and are of different types depending on their function. Primarily, there are two types of cells &#8211; prokaryotic and eukaryotic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The word prokaryotic translates to \u2018before the nucleus,\u2019 which suggests that these are the types of cells that had no nucleus present in them. In contrast, plant cells considered eukaryotic have a nucleus in them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want to enhance your preparations for the upcoming exams, prepare for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/cucet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CUCET 2022<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and competitive exams like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/national-talent-search-examination-ntse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTSE<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/kvpy-exam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KVPY<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/olympiads-gateway-global-recognition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olympiads<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/jee-main-exam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JEE mains 2022<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/jee-advanced-exam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JEE advanced 2022<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-exam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET 2022<\/span><\/a>,<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> etc., with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/our-centres\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aakash coaching institute<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To get NCERT biology solutions, visit:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/ncert-solutions\/class-11\/biology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/ncert-solutions\/class-12\/biology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Cell Organelles<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The basic structure of the plant cell includes various smaller components called \u201ccell organelles\u201d enclosed in a cell wall. These organelles perform different functions and sustain life processes in an individual cell. Let us now move on to the different kinds of such cell organelles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Cell wall<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cell walls are a rigid outer covering of the cell that encloses all the other cell organelles. These walls comprise four different components:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cellulose<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lignin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pectin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hemicellulose.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A cell wall\u2019s formation is guided by microtubules made up of three layers &#8211; the primary layer, a middle layer called lamella, and the third layer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The primary functions of a cell wall are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to provide essential structure and protection to a plant cell<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">help filter out waste<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">take in nutrition from outside.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Cell membrane<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane present in the cell wall. It is made up of thin layers of protein and fats. Since it is semi-permeable, it only allows certain and selected substances to pass through the cell wall. The waste of plant cells travels out of the cell itself through this membrane.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Cytoplasm<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cytoplasm is the cell organelle in which all the other components reside. It is made up of cytosol, a jelly-like fluid.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Nucleus<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The nucleus is one of the most vital organelles in a plant cell. Since plant cells are eukaryotic, a nucleus is present as a membrane-bound structure inside the plant cell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The nucleus carries out one of the most critical functions &#8211; storing DNA and genetic information required for cell division, metabolism, and development. Hence, it is often called the brain of the cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A nucleus consists of two major components:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nucleolus: responsible for manufacturing proteins and ribosomes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nucleopore: the nuclear membrane with perforations that helps in the transfer of proteins and nucleic acids.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Plastids<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are the membrane-bound organelles that have their DNA. These plastids are essential to store starch and thus play an essential role in performing photosynthesis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plastids also produce essential molecules that are vital for a cell to function. They are of two types:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leucoplasts are present in non-photosynthetic plants<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chloroplasts are present in photosynthetic plants.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mitochondria<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mitochondria are the double membraned cell organelle, often known as the powerhouse of a cell. They are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate of ATP molecules. This compound gives energy to a cell to perform its vital life processes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ribosomes<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ribosomes are often considered the minor membrane-bound cell organelles present in a plant cell. It mainly consists of RNA and protein. Since ribosomes manufacture proteins, they are often called the cell&#8217;s protein factory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Lysosomes<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lysosomes are the cell organelles responsible for storing digestive enzymes in enclosed membranes. They perform one of the most critical tasks in the plant cell by digesting worn-out cell organelles and single-handedly take care of the whole waste management part of the cell. They are often called suicidal bags of a cell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Endoplasmic Reticulum<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be considered the highway inside a plant cell. Their function is to transport molecules produced by the cell to their designated location. Endoplasmic Reticulum is of two types:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smooth ER: No ribosomes attached to its surface<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rough ER: Ribosomes are attached throughout their surface.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Crystalline structures<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cell often contains some crystalline structures. They can broadly be classified into two categories based on their structures-<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druse Crystal: It comprises calcium oxalate monohydrate, a compound most frequently seen in kidney stones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raphide Crystal: These are made up of the same compound, calcium oxalate but are needle-like and sharp information.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Chloroplast<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chloroplast is the cell organelle responsible for photosynthesis and the storage of starch produced. In terms of its structure, it is an elongated cell organelle with a phospholipid enclosing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each chloroplast has a green colour pigment called chlorophyll, which is responsible for photosynthesis and gives a plant its signature green colour. This chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and converts it into energy, which is used to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Golgi apparatus\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Golgi apparatus or Golgi bodies are usually present in all the eukaryotic cells. This organelle is responsible for distributing the synthesized macromolecules to their designated locations in a plant cell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Central vacuole\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The central vacuole is considered the most prominent cell organelle present in a plant cell, as it occupies nearly 1\/3rd of the entire space in a plant cell body. The central vacuole is enclosed inside a membrane called tonoplast.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apart from simply acting as a storage space for molecules in the plant cell, it is also responsible for maintaining the &#8220;Turgor pressure&#8221; inside a plant cell. This pressure is the plant&#8217;s outward force against the cell wall so that the plant cell does not implode under pressure created by the cell wall.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Types of plant cells<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plant cells are divided into various categories depending upon their function in a plant. As the plant matures, each cell gets a particular characteristic and function to adhere to.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, some cells might specialize in transporting food and water inside the plant, while others might act as protectors from external factors and situations. The plant cells are divided into 5 basic types, which are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collenchyma cells: These cells support the plants due to their rigid body structure. It also acts as a primary source of support when plants restrain growth and development due to the lack of a hardening agent.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parenchyma cells:\u00a0 The parenchyma cells play the most vital role in all the plants alike. These are the living parts of a plant involved in food production by photosynthesis, storage of organic products, cell metabolism, and, most importantly &#8211; the exchange of gases. Structurally, these cells are thinner and more flexible than other cells.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sclerenchyma cells: These are the rigid cells that provide protection and integrity to a plant and are often found in the outermost layer of the plant. They are rigid because of the presence of a hardening agent. They are also majorly found in the roots of a plant.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Xylem cells: They are the transporting cells in a plant responsible for transporting water and minerals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phloem cells: Like xylem cells, phloem cells also transport cells in a plant rather than transporting water and minerals. It transports the food produced by leaves to different parts of the plant.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cells are the fundamental building blocks of anything that comes under the biotic sphere. They are of various kinds, based upon whether or not they have a nucleus present in them. Namely, Prokaryotic cells &#8211; where a nucleus is absent and Eukaryotic cells &#8211; where a functional nucleus is present.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All the plant cells are eukaryotic and necessary to perform bodily functions inside a plant required for survival.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plant cells are made up of smaller cells called cell organelles, which have their unique structure, composition, and function. These cell organelles work together to perform life processes required for survival.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learn more about <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-exam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET UG 2022<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-application-form\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET UG 2022 Registration<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-admit-card\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET UG 2022 Admit Card<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-exam-pattern\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET UG 2022 Exam Pattern<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-syllabus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET UG 2022 Syllabus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-mock-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET mock tests 2022<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-cut-off\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET UG 2022 Cut-off<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/neet-result\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NEET 2022 Result<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To know more about plant cells and biology, look for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aakash.ac.in\/our-centres\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aakash Coaching Institutes Near you<\/a> by clicking <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every living thing in existence comprises a complex system of biotic components following their hierarchical system. A body consists of various organs, which are made up of tissues. These tissues are made up of what we also refer to as the fundamental unit of life &#8211; the cell. Cells on their own are found in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3716],"tags":[154,2020,1464,2482],"class_list":["post-143616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-neet","tag-medical-entrance-exam","tag-neet-2022","tag-neet-biology","tag-plant-cell"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Plant cell: Key highlights for NEET 2022 Biology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore what plant cells are, the components they are made of, and each component\u2019s very own function.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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