What Is Acid Rain? What are its Harmful Effects?

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The natural rainwater is slightly acidic because the CO₂ present in the atmosphere gets dissolved in rainwater and forms a weak carbonic acid.

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When rain mixed with fog, smoke and mist are more acidic, it is termed acid rain.

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The main cause of acid rain is the presence of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in polluted air.

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Sulphur dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere by: - Combustion of coal and petroleum products - Bacterial decomposition of organic matter - Smelting plant

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Sulphur dioxide so formed combines with oxygen and forms sulphur trioxide.

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This SO₃ comes in contact with water, gets dissolved, and forms a strong acid sulphuric acid.

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Nitrogen dioxide is formed in the atmosphere: - During lightning - Due to the internal combustion of fuel in automobiles engines

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Nitrogen dioxide combines with rainwater to form a mixture of nitrous acid and nitric acid.

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Nitric oxide oxidises to nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere.

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These strong acids such as sulphuric acid, nitric acid and nitrous acid cause acid rain.

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