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Based on the Latest Syllabus

Chapter-wise

Solutions

Electrochemistry

Chemical Kinetics

Aldehydes & Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Amines

Coordination Compounds

Diazonium Salts

Chemistry Class 12

Formula Sheet

• Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution (L) • Molality (m) = Moles of solute / Mass of solvent (kg) • Mole Fraction (X) = Moles of component / Total moles • Raoult’s Law: P = X × P° • Elevation in BP: ΔTb = Kb × m • Depression in FP: ΔTf = Kf × m • Osmotic Pressure: π = CRT

• Rate Law: Rate = k[A]ⁿ • First Order Half-Life: t½ = 0.693/k • Arrhenius Equation: k = A e^(–Ea/RT)

 Solutions

Physical Chemistry

Chemical Kinetics

• E°cell = E°cathode – E°anode • Nernst Equation: E = E° – (0.0591/n) log Q • ΔG° = –nFE° • Conductance (G) = 1/R • Molar Conductivity (Λm) = κ (1000/C)

• Density of Unit Cell = (Z × M) / (a³ × NA) • Packing Efficiency = (Volume of atoms / Volume of unit cell) × 100

Electrochemistry

Solid State

• Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm: x/m = KP^(1/n)

• First Law: ΔU = q + w • Gibbs Free Energy: ΔG = ΔH – TΔS • Relation: ΔG° = –RT ln K

Surface Chemistry

Thermodynamics

• Tollens’ Test: Reagent – [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ • Fehling’s Test: R–CHO + 2Cu²⁺ + 5OH⁻ → R–COO⁻ + Cu₂O↓ + 3H₂O

• Acidity Order: CF₃COOH > CCl₃COOH > CHCl₂COOH > NO₂COOH > NC–CH₂COOH

• Basicity Order (Gaseous Phase): 3° amine > 2° amine > 1° amine > NH₃

Aldehydes & Ketones

Organic Chemistry

Carboxylic Acids

Amines

• Sandmeyer Reaction: Ar–NH₂ + NaNO₂ + 2HCl → Ar–N₂⁺Cl⁻ + 2H₂O Ar–N₂⁺Cl⁻ + CuX/HX → Ar–X + N₂ + CuCl (X = Cl, Br, CN) • Gattermann Reaction: ArNH₂ + HNO₂ + HX → Ar–N₂⁺X⁻ + H₂O

• Coordination Number = Number of ligands bonded to the central metal atom

Diazonium Salts

Coordination Compounds

Inorganic Chemistry

CBSE Class 12

2026

Named Reactions

Important

Named Reactions in Organic Chemistry

Chemistry Paper

Must-Know

1. Wurtz Reaction

Fittig Reaction

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation

Sandmeyer Reaction

Gattermann Reaction

Swarts Reaction

Equation

Complete Guide for Chemistry Class 12 – Chapter-wise (Latest Syllabus) & Marks Distribution 2026

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2026, Check Exam Pattern