Chemistry Important Concepts

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Atoms have a nucleus in their centre, around which the electrons will revolve in different orbits.

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These electrons in the inner and outer shells are attracted to the central nucleus.

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The outermost electron of an atom is called a 'valence electron'.

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The valence electron experiences force of attraction by the nucleus due to the electrostatic force to the proton in the nucleus.

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The valence electron also experiences a repulsive force from inner shell electrons due to the same charges.

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The screening effect is where the attractive force by the nucleus becomes weaker than the repulsive force by the inner electrons.

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The shielding effect is responsible for reducing the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud.

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If the electron shells are wider in space, the interaction between the nucleus and electrons reduces.

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The order of screening effect in the shells is as follows: s > p > d > f.

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Nuclear fission is one of the best examples of the screening effect.

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In nuclear fission, the electrons are pulled away furthest from the centre of the atom.

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Hope you have noted it down. Now pass on this information with your friends

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