BY Team Aakash Byju's

What Is Decomposition?

Explain Its Complete Process

Decomposition:

Decomposition is the breaking down of complex organic molecules, wastes of plants and animals, into non-complex molecules by microorganisms.

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Microorganisms capable of converting biological matter into simple substances are known as decomposers.

Microorganisms change plant and animal products into harmless substances available to plants. Example: Bacteria, fungi, worms and insects.

Types of Decomposition

Decomposition is of two types based on the availability of Oxygen. These include : - Aerobic decomposition - Anaerobic decomposition.

Aerobic Decomposition

Decomposition or degradation of plant and animal materials in the presence of Oxygen is known as aerobic decomposition.

Decomposition or degradation of biological matter in the absence of Oxygen is known as anaerobic decomposition.

Anaerobic Decomposition

The decomposition of organic matter includes five stages. These include:

Process of Decomposition

Fragmentation is the initial step in the decomposition process in which organic matter breaks into small pieces.

Fragmentation

It is a process in which nutrients are released from organic matter into the soil.

Leaching

The process in which complex molecules break down into simple compounds.

Catabolism

Humification

The formation of humus from plant and animal wastes is known as humification.

Mineralization

Mineralization is when nutrients are released into the soil from humus. These nutrients are soluble and available to plants.

Importance of Decomposition:

– The decomposition   process is helpful to   replenish the nutrients. – It increases the   availability of nutrients to   plants.

– It improves soil fertility. – This process helps to   remove the wastes from   the earth’s surface.