Thyroid Hormones Types and Their Function: CBSE Class 12 Biology

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The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland in the shape of a butterfly, located over the neck.

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It is present on the front side of the neck. It is located below the Adam's apple, along the front of the trachea.

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Thyroid gland comprises two side lobes connected by a bridge(isthmus) in the Centre.

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The thyroid gland secretes various kinds of hormones. These include as follows: T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and Calcitonin.

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T0, T1, T2 Hormones are the by-products formed during synthesis of thyroid hormone. They don’t act on thyroid hormone receptors.

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It is a highly active hormone. Involves natural regulation, which is generally unhelpful to do. It is central in the digestive and metabolic functions and oversees bone health.

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It is a more stable form. It is an inactive prohormone. It plays a major role in digestion, brain functioning, muscle functioning, heart functioning, etc.

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Calcitonin hormone regulates the levels of Calcium and Phosphates in blood.

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Calcitonin hormone is opposing the actions of parathyroid hormone secreted by parathyroid glands, which acts to reduce Calcium and Phosphates levels in the blood.

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Hypothyroidism:

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Cold sensitivity, fatigue, dry skin, constipation, and unexpected weight gain.

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Treatment

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Hyperthyroidism

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Unexpected weight loss, irregular heartbeat, sweating and irritability.

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Treatment includes radioactive iodine, medication and sometimes surgery.

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