Explained: Replication, Transcription and Translation of DNA

Replication of DNA

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DNA is always polymerized in the 5′ to 3′ direction. Replication is continuous in one strand while it is discontinuous in the other.

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Transcription of DNA is the process by which RNA polymerase rewrites the genetic information included in DNA into messenger RNA.

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The RNA polymerase enzyme catalyzes transcription by binding and moving along the DNA molecule.

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The template strand of one DNA molecule, which is read from 3′ to 5′, serves as the base for the new mRNA molecule.

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At the end of transcription, the RNA polymerase releases the DNA template.

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Translation of DNA

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The start codon (5'AUG) needs to be recognized before translation can begin.

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The ribosome travels down the mRNA, reading codons and bringing in complementary tRNAs to translate the message to protein.

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In preparation for the next round of translation, the small and large ribosomal subunits separate.

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