By Team Aakash Byju's
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are two subdivisions of Spermatophyta.
Gymnosperms are vascular plants that reproduce by means of an exposed seed or ovule.
Plants are evergreen, woody and perennial. They are shrubs and trees.
Characteristics of Gymnosperms
Sporophylls are aggregated to form cones. There are separate male and female cones.
The seeds are not enclosed inside the fruits. Instead, they lie over the megasporophylls.
-Pollination occurs by the wind - Part of the haploid female gametophyte is not used up in the formation of embryos and persists in the seed as food storage tissue called Endosperm.
Vascular tissues xylem lacks vessels while phloem is devoid of companion cells. Sieve elements are not organised into sieve tubes. Examples: cycas, pinus, Cedrus.
Plants in which the seeds are produced inside the fruits and the Sporophylls are aggregated to form flowers.
Plants are deciduous or evergreen, annual biennial or perennial, herbs, shrubs or trees.
-Sporophylls are aggregated to form flowers. Flowers are unisexual or bisexual. -Seeds are enclosed within the fruit.
Pollination occurs by wind, water and animals.
Endosperm is a new food storing structure which is generally tripoli and is formed by fusion of three nuclei ( triple fusion ).
Vascular tissues xylem possess vessels while phloem contains sieve tubes and companion cells. Examples: wheat, grass, mango, gram.
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